CONIFERS 555 



Primary ones small, scale-like, hyaline, spirally arranged in many 

 series, more or less deciduous. 



Secondary ones acicular, acute, fascicled in clusters of three in 

 the axils of the primary scarious leaves, evergreen, and persisting 

 several years. 



The first leaves of the seedling are numerous, alternate, densely 

 and spirally arranged, plano-convex and acicular. 



Pinus sylvestris, L. 



Primary root long, tapering but slightly, rather fleshy, sub- 

 flexuose, unbranched in the early stage. 



Hypocotyl glabrous, pale green, about 4*4 cm. long. 



Cotyledons ten (in specimen described), whorled, ascending, 

 acicular, acute, distantly serrulate at the margins, semiterete and 

 flattened above or variously compressed, and angled by mutual 

 pressure, deep subglaucous-green, forming a vasiform cupule around 

 the plumule. 1 



Pinus halepensis, Hill., var. prolifera. 



Hypocotyl covered with a fine bloom, purplish-green, 3-4 cm. 

 long. 



Cotyledons seven to nine, acicular, trigonous, 3-4 cm. long, 

 acute, covered with a fine bloom, glaucous-green. 2 



Picea orientalis, Carr. 



Primary root tapering downwards, and some time after ger- 

 mination very much elongated, flexuose with a few very short 

 scattered lateral rootlets. 



Hypocotyl erect, terete, glabrous, striate or shallowly ridged and 

 furrowed, the furrows opposite to or running down from the back of 

 the cotyledons, and the ridges corresponding to their united and 

 decurrent edges, T8-3-.2 cm. long, slender, pale green or ultimately 

 straw-coloured, slightly twisted. 



Cotyledons six to ten, acicular, attenuately acute at the tip, 



1 Cf. Tubeuf, 1. c. p. 83, fig. 110 ; the cotyledons are described as mostly 

 six in number (4-7), to 2 cm. long, with two resin canals, and the primary 

 leaves as serrate on both edges, and spiral with no resin canal. The cotyledons 

 die in the winter and hang on the plant till spring. 



2 Tubeuf, 1. c. pp. 82-88, describes also P. montana, fig. Ill (very like 

 P. sylvestris) ; P. Laricio, fig. 112 (cotyledons 6-8) ; P. Thunbergii (cotyledons 

 6-8) ; P. Pinaster, fig. 113 (cotyledons 7-9) ; P. Pinea, fig. 114 (cotyledons 10- 

 13, about 6 cm. long) ; P. ponderosa, fig. 115 (cotyledons 9) ; P. Jeffreyi 

 (cotyledons 10, up to 5 cm. long); P. Cembra, fig. 116 (cotyledons 9-12); 

 P. Strobus, fig. 117 (cotyledons 8-11) ] P. excelsa, fig. 118 (cotyledons 9-11). 



