8o HUXLEY MEMORIAL LECTURES 



be dealt with apart from all other phenomena of 

 society. This is in the long run impossible. We 

 may of course have Political Economists as 

 specialists, just as we have Physicians who make 

 a speciality of the lungs or the throat or the eye. 

 But after all the health of a body depends upon 

 all the parts working together, and the well-being 

 of a nation depends not only upon its wealth but 

 upon its efficiency in all fields of human activity. 

 When one considers what must finally be included 

 in sociology, all the studies which have to do with 

 man in society, from eugenics and political 

 economy on one wing to ethics and religion on 

 the other, one feels that our society has reached a 

 point like the summit of Pisgah, whence the 

 promised land may be seen in all its beauty and 

 fertility, a land, however, which has to be reached 

 through much toil and many wars. The land is 

 not yet even thoroughly surveyed; we have no 

 good map of it, and we are dependent on the 

 reports of solitary workers who have made their 

 way into one or another of its many regions, and 

 brought back weighty loads of fruit. 



Let me take a concrete example. Lately I 

 had the pleasure to take a modest part in an im- 

 portant conference held in London on the subject 

 of town-planning. In the last ten years it has 

 dawned upon the people of Europe and America 

 that the planning of towns has hitherto been quite 

 at the mercy of accident, that private owners, 

 looking only to their own interests, have sue- 



