RATIONALISM AND SCIENCE 95 



tutions of the Middle Ages, the faculties of man 

 or the working of economic laws. All knowledge 

 is really one; and all men of science are what 

 Comte called them, in a sense the priests of 

 humanity. 



But to come for a moment to a more practical 

 point of view, I may venture to affirm, from the 

 experience of half a life time in University teach- 

 ing, that for the due cultivation of any branch of 

 science in a University two things are necessary. 

 First institutes, workships with a settled place for 

 working, with apparatus of all sorts and specialist 

 libraries. For such purposes an ordinary library 

 is insufficient; the books must be within reach, 

 and one must be able to turn them over and criti- 

 cize them in the presence of fellow-workers. 

 The second thing that is necessary is research 

 studentships, that the workers may at least be 

 able to live while they devote themselves for the 

 good of the community. Whether any such insti- 

 tutes exist at Birmingham I know not; but I am 

 sure that sufficient provision of this kind is not 

 made in any of our English Universities. For 

 work in anthropology, archaeology, statistics, 

 psychology, workshops are as necessary as they 

 are for chemistry or anatomy. 



It may be regarded as a paradox if one affirms 

 that studies which deal with the remote past or 

 with obscure barbarous tribes in Africa or 

 Australia have much to do with practical ethics 



