AUCHENASPIS 



37 



AVAIANCHE 



A machine which illustrates the laws of fall- 

 ing bodies, by showing the spaces through 

 which they pass in given times. Cf. Moriu's 

 machine. 



Auchenaspis, ( aw-ken-as'pis ). [Gk. auchen, 

 neck; aspis, shield.] A fish, known only by 

 fossil remains found in Old Red Sandstone 

 rocks, resembling the Cephalaspis, q.v,: 

 named from having a buckler-like plate on 

 the neck. 



Auchenia, (aw-ke'ni-a). [Gk. auchen, neck.] 

 =Llama and alpaca: Illiger's name for the 

 sub-division of Camelidae, belonging to Ame- 

 rica, now called Llama, q.v. 



Auditory, (awd'it-or-i). [L. audio, I hear.] 

 Connected with hearing. A. capsules: car- 

 tilaginous enclosures of the internal ear. 

 A. meatus: the canal leading to the internal 

 ear. A. nerves: the nerves of hearing, con- 

 necting the ear with the brain. The eighth 

 pair of cerebral nerves A organ = Ear. 

 A. ossicles: small bones in the ear=Malleus, 

 incus, and stapes. 



Augite, (aw'jit). [Gk. auge, lustre ] = Py- 

 roxene=(CaMgFeMn) O, SiO 2 - a crystalline 

 mineral, chiefly silicate of magnesium and 

 calcium, belonging to Hornblende group. 



Augustite, (a w-gus'tit)= Apatite, q.v. 



Auk, (awk)=Alca, q.v. : a sea-bird: used gene- 

 rally for several different species. Great A. 

 =AIca impennis: Little ^.=Alcaalle. Per- 

 roquet A=Phaleris psittacula. 



Aulostoma, (aw-los'to-ma). [Gk. aulos, pipe; 

 stoma, rnouth.]=: Pipe-fishes, q.v. 



Aurantia, (aw-ran'shi-a). [L. aurum, gold 

 from colour. ]= Orange, &c.: plants belonging 

 to Aurantiacese. 



Aurantiaceae, (aw-ran-ti-a'se-e). [Aurantia, 

 q.v. ] = Citron - worts : tropical trees and 

 shrubs, with hard and compact stems, com- 

 pound leaves, fragrant flowers, and consoli- 

 dated succulent fruit, belonging to Rutales. 



Aurantin, (aw-ran'tin). [Aurantia, q.v.]= 

 Hesperidin, q.v. 



Aurates, (aw'rats). [Auric acid, q.v.] Com- 

 pounds of peroxide of gold with a base. 



Aurelia, (aw-re'li-a). [L. aureolus, golden.] 

 =Chrysalis=Pupa: tho intermediate state 

 of an insect between tho caterpillar and 

 imago, which in some is marked by a gold 

 colour. 



Aurelia, (aw-rel'la). [L. aurum, gold.] Chry- 

 salides of some Lepidoptera, which have a 

 golden lustre. 



Auric, (aw'rik). [L. aurum, gold.] Belong- 

 ing to gold: the prefix for compounds con- 

 taining gold as a chief constituent. Ex. 

 Auric iodide^AuIs. A. acid = Peroxide of 

 gold=Au0 3 . 



Aurichalcite, (aw-ri-kal'sit). [L. aurum, gold; 

 Gk. chalkos, ore.] An ore of gold contain- 

 ing also copper. 



Auricle, (aw'ri-kl). [L. auriculus, ear.] 1. 

 The external ear. 2. The name given (be- 

 cause of their shape) to two cavities in a fully 

 developed heart, which receive blood from 

 the veins, and transfer it to the ventricles. 



Auricula, (aw-rik'u-la). [Auricle, q.v.] 1. 

 Midas's ear; a plant-witing molluscous ani- 



mal, belonging to Pulmonifera, the shell of 

 which resembles a human ear in shape. 2. 

 Bear's ear: a variety of the primrose= 

 Primula auricula. 



Auricular, (aw-rik'u-lar). [Auricle, q.v,] Con- 

 nected with the ear or hearing. A. muscles: 

 muscles belonging to the ear. A. surface: a 

 portion of the os innominatum. 



Auriculate, (aw-rik'u-lat). [L. auricula, little 

 ear. ]= Auriform: ear-shaped. 



Auriga, (aw-ri'ga). [L. auriga, charioteer.] 

 =The Waggoner=The Charioteer: one of the 

 northern constellations, of which Capella is 

 the chief star. 



Aurine, (aw'rin). [L. auruin, gold.]=Co4Hi808 

 = Yellow coralline: an orange-coloured dye, 

 formed of sulphuric, carbolic, and oxalio 

 acids. 



Auro, (aw'ro). [L. aurum, gold.]=Aurous: a 

 prefix for compounds containing gold as an 

 important constituent. 



Aurochsen, (aw'rok-sen)=:Auroch=Bos urus= 

 BosEuropaaus=Lithuanian bison, v. Bison. 



Aurora australis = Southern dawn: pheno- 

 mena corresponding to Aurora borealis, 

 visible in the S. heavens. 



Aurora borealis, ( aw-ro'ra bo-re-a'lis. ] = 

 Northern lights=Northern streamers=Polar 

 light : a luminous appearance resembling 

 daybreak, seen at times in the northern 

 heavens. 



Auroral, (aw-ro'ral). [L. aurora, daybreak.] 

 Term used by Rogers, an American geologist, 

 for American rocks corresponding to our 

 Middle Cambrian rocks, v. Rogers' Nomen- 

 clature. 



Auscultation, (aws-kul-ta/shun). [L. avsculto, 

 I listen.] A method of discovering the con- 

 dition of the heart, &c., by the sound of its 

 working. Cf. Stethoscope. 



Ausonia. One of the Asteroids, q.v., No. 63. 



Austral=Southern. 



Autochthon, (aw-tok'thon). [Gk. autos, self; 

 c/ithon, land.]=Indigenous. 



Autogenous, (aw-toj'en-us). [Gk. autos, self; 

 gennao, I produce.]=Self-generated. 



Autogony, (aw-tog'o-ni). [Gk. autogennetos, 

 born of itself.] The generation of simple 

 organisms from an inorganic formative fluid. 



Automolite, (aw-tom'o-lit). [Gk. automolos, 

 deserter.] = Gahnite : a variety of spinel 

 coloured by zinc: also spelt automalite. 



Autophagi, ( aw-tof a-ji ). [Gk. autos, self; 

 phago, I eat.] Used by Vogt of birds which 

 can obtain food for themselves as soon as 

 they are hatched. 



Autumn, (aw'tum). [Autumnus, the'L. word.] 

 The third season of the year; the period of 

 fruition in plants. 



Autumn bells, [Shape and time of flowers.] 

 =Gentiana pneumonanthe. 



Autumnal, (aw-tum'nal). [Autumn.] Relat- 

 ing to Autumn. A. equinox: the point where 

 the ecliptic and equator cross in Autumn. 

 In theory this is at the beginning of Libra, 

 but in reality is in Virgo. A. point=A.. 

 equinox, q. i\ A si^ns=Libra, Scorpio, and 

 Sagittarius. 



Avalanche, (av'a-lanch), [The French, word.] 



