CLACQTTE-BOIS 



79 



COALESCENCE 



Tcorys, helmet.] A coral polyp with many 

 slender branches. 



Claque-bois, (klak'bwaw). [Fr. claque, smack; 

 bois, wood.] A series of small wooden bars, 

 of regular gradation in size, strung so as 

 to form a kind of harmonicon, tha tones of 

 which are produced by a small hammer. 



Clary, (kla'ri)=Salvia verbenace : a plant 

 belonging to Lamiaceee. 



Class, (klas). [Classis, the Latin word.] A 

 secondary division of animals or plants. 

 Mammalia, Fishes, &c., in the animal king- 

 dom ; Dicotyledons, Acotyledous in. the 

 vegetable, v. Tables. 



Clavellinidse. ( kla-vel-lin'i-de )=Social Asci- 

 dians. v. Tunicata. 



Clavicle, (klav'i-kl). [L. claviciila, little 

 key.]=Collar bone, a long cylindrical bone 

 connecting the blade and breast bones in 

 vertebrated animals = Merrythought, in 

 birds. 



Clavius. A walled plain in the moon more 

 tliau 100 miles in diameter. 



Clay, (kla). [Clacff, the A.-S. word.]=Hydra- 

 tedaluminic silioate=Al 2 O3.2SiOo. l 2HoO: a 

 mixture of J flint and J clay ; used also 

 generally for any ductile earth. Pure C.= 

 Kaolin=Porcelain clay. 



Clayband ironstone. An earthy variety of 

 Chalybite, q.v. ', one of the most common 

 ores of iron. 



Clay-slate= Argillaceous schist : one of the 

 Metamorphic rocks. 



Cleavage planes in crystals. The planes in 

 which the crystals are easily split, usually 

 parallel with one of the faces. 



Cleavers, (kle'verz)=Galium aparine : a plant 



' belonging to Galiaceae. 



Clematis, (klem'a-tis). [Klematis, the Greek 

 name.] ^Traveller's joy : a small shrub be- 

 longing to Ilanunculaceae. 



Clepsydrse, ( klep-si'dre ). [Klepsydra, the 

 Greek name.] Instruments for measuring 

 time, in use with the ancients. One form 

 resembled an hour glass with water instead 

 of sand. 



Climatology, (kli-mat-ol'o-ji). [Gk. Mima, 

 zone ; logos, discourse.] The science of the 

 laws governing the changes and conditions 

 of climate. 



Climbing palms=Desmoncus. 



Climbing plants. Belong to no particular 

 order, but species of any order adapt the 

 habit of climbing from circumstances. 



Clinch-work, (klinsh). In boat-building, with 

 the strakes overlapping and riveted to- 

 gether. 



Clinkstone, (klink'ston)=Phonolite: a variety 

 oftrachytic rock, named from its being 

 especially sonorous when struck. 



Clinometer, (kli-nom'e-ter). [Gk. Hino, I 

 bend; metron, measure.] An instrument 

 for measuring the inclination of strata. 



Clipper, (klip-per). A vessel especially de- 

 signed for swift sailing. 



Cloaca, (klo-a'ka). [L. cloaca, sink.] The 

 common cavity in which, into some ani- 

 mals, the reproductive, urinary, and diges- 

 tive apparatuses open, 



Cloister, (klois'ter). [L. claustrum, shut in.] 

 A covered arcade, 

 usually in a monas- r;., 

 tery or other re-i 

 ligious building. 



Clotho, (klo'tho). A | 

 snake belonging to | 

 Viperina. C. arie- 

 ftts=:Puff-adder. 



Clouds, (klowdz)., 

 [Chid, the A.-S.1 

 name.] Vapour < 

 water floating in the 

 air and sufficiently Cloister, 



dense to be visible. The varieties of clouds 

 are Cirrus, Cirro-cumulus, Cumulus, Cumu- 

 lo-stratus, and Stratus, q.v. 



Cloudy stars^Nebulse: which were considered 

 to be stars until the improvements in tele- 

 scopes showed their nature. 



Cloudberry=:Rubus chamsemorus ; a plant 

 belonging to Rosacere. 



Clover, (klo'ver). [Clcefer, the A.-S. name.] 

 =Trefolium : a plant belonging to Fabaceae. 



Cloves, (klovz). [L. clavus, nail.]=Dried buds 

 of Caryophyllus aromaticus. 



Clove-oil=C 10 H 12 O 3 : a colourless oily liquid 

 obtained from the seeds of cloves, <fec. 



Clove-worts, (klov'wurtz). [Clove and worta, 

 <7.v.]=Caryophyllacea?, q.v. 



Club moss, (klub'mos). [Named from shape.] 

 =Lycopodium : a moss-like plant belonging 

 to Lycopodiaceas. 



Club-mosses=:Lycopodiacee, q.v. 



Clupea, (klu'pe-a).=Herring: a fish, the type 

 of Clupeidse. 



Clupeidae, (klu'pi-dS). [Clupea, q. r.]= Her- 

 rings: fishes belonging to Abdominales. 



Clusia, (klu'si-a). [Clusius, a botanist.]= 

 Balsam-tree : the typical genus of Clusiacene. 



Clusiacese, ( klu-si-a'se-g ), [Clusia, q.v. ]= 

 Guttifers : resinous tropical trees and shrubs, 

 with leathery leaves, belonging to Gutti- 

 ferales. 



Clusters of stars. Pleiades, Hyades, Crab- 

 cluster, Praesepe, Dumb-bell cluster, &c.,q.v. 



Cnidse, (kni'de). [Gk. knide, nettle.]=Nema- 

 tocysts : the thread cells by which Coelen- 

 terata have the power of stinging. 



Coal, (kpl). [A.-S. col, burning.] An amor- 

 phous inflammable mineral substance, com- 

 posed of modified vegetable matter, found in 

 extensive beds of rock, probably formed in 

 shallow enclosed seas, fringed by swampy for- 

 ests. C. brass : a carbonaceous spathic ore, 

 sometimes found with coal ; iron pyrites found 

 in coal. C. tar ; a pitchy substance, of very 

 compound nature, obtained from coal. C. 

 yas= Carburetted hydrogen : an inflammable 

 gas obtained from coal. C. measures : a 

 sub-division of the Carboniferous formation, 

 consisting of thick beds of sandstone, with 

 beds of coal resting on clay. C. j?s/t=Gadus 

 carbonarius. C. plants : known only by 

 fossil remains, chiefly fern-like, of large size, 

 and probably older than the sun. C. tar 

 colours : magenta, alizarine, mauve, &c., q.v. 



Coalescence, (ko-a-les'ens). [L. coalesce, \ 

 grow with.] Cfrpwing together, 



