EARTH 



110 



ECHINORHYNCHUS 



a greater volume of sound and transmitting 

 it to the ear. 



Earth, (erth). [Eordhe, the A.-S. name.] 

 The general term for the land, including 

 all kinds of rocks, sand, clay, limestone, 

 granite, &c.; also used for the whole 

 globe. Supposed by Hopkins to have a 

 crust at least 1000 miles in thickness, and 

 by Thomson to be as a whole more rigid 

 than steel Earth's mean density: about 

 5 5 as compared with water. E. cra&=Mole- 

 cricket, q.v. Earth's crust: applied to that 

 portion of the earth, about 10 miles in 

 thickness, which is visible, or which can be 

 reasoned about from observation. E.fly 

 Chigoe q.v. E. metals: aluminum, gluci- 

 num, and six other metals with similar 

 qualities, and having great affinity for 

 oxygen. E. nut=Pig nut, q.v. E. quakes: 

 commotions in the crust of the earth, due 

 to subterranean causes. Earthquake bands, 

 v. Seismology. E. shine: the reflection of 

 the earth's light from the moon. E. worms 

 = Annelida terricola = Lumbrici : worms 

 which perforate the earth. E. worms= 

 Lumbrici, q.v. 



Earths, (erths). A general term for yttria, 

 zirconia, glucina, alumina, and thorina. 

 Alkaline J?.=Baryta, calcia, lithia, magnesia, 

 and strontia. 



Earthenware, (ei-th'en-war). Porcelain, china, 

 delf, &c.; domestic utensils, pipes, &c., made 

 of baked clay mixed with flint, &c. 



Earwig, (eVwig). [Ear-ioigga, the A.-S. name.] 

 =Forficula : an insect, 

 common in damp places 

 feeding on leaves, &c., 

 belonging to Orthop- 

 tera, and having very 

 short wing-cases. 



Earwigs, (er / wigz)=Der- 

 matoptera, q.v. =Dermaptera. Great E. =La- 

 bidura gigantea. Little E. = Labia minor. 

 Common .Z?.=Forficula auricularia. 



Easel animalcule=Pluteus, q.v. : the larval 

 form of some sea-ui'chins, sand-stars, &c. 



Ebenacese, (eb-en-a'se-e). [Ebenus, the Latin 

 name.] = Ebenads : ebony, iron wood, &c., 

 shrubs, and trees, chiefly tropical, with 

 leathery leaves and black heavy timber, 

 belonging to Gentianales. 



Eboest An African people. 



Ebonite, (eb'o-nlt). [Ebony, q.v.] A com- 

 pound of caoutchouc and sulphur. 



Ebony, (eb'o-ni). [Ebenus, the Latin name.] 

 Wood of Ebenaceaj; black, hard, heavy; can 

 be polished in a high degree. E. tree=T)ios- 

 pyros ebenum: an East Indian tree. E. tree 

 of St. Helena, peculiar to the island, now 

 extinct. 



Ebullition, (eb-u-lish'un). [L. Ebullio, I boil 

 up.]=Boiling : the continuous and rapid 



n '.action of vapour by the application of 

 to a liquid, which takes place when the 

 tension of the vapour equals the pressure of 

 the air. 

 Ecaudate, (e-kaw'dat). [Caudate^.v.] Having 



no tail. ' ^ 



Ecblastesis, (ek-blas-te'sis). [Gk. ek, out of ; 



Earwig. 



Eccentric. 



blastes, branch.] Term used by Engelmann 

 for axillary prolifioation. 



Eccentric, (ek-seii'trik). [L. ex, out ; centrum, 

 centre.] E. circle: a 

 circular plate which re- 

 volves round a point in 

 itself, which point is 1 

 not the centre. 



Ecderon, ( ek ' de - ron ). 

 [Gk. ek, out of; derma, 

 skin.] The outer layer of ectoderm, q.v., 

 corresponds to epiderm. 



Ecdysis, (ek'dis-is). [Gk. ekdysis, a throwing 

 off. ]= Moulting : casting the skin. 



Echelon lens, (esh'long). [F. echelon, round 

 of a ladder.] A compound lens having a 

 series of concentric annular lenses arranged 

 round a central lens, so that all have a com- 

 mon focus : used for lighthouses. 



Echiales, (ek-i-a'lez). Plants with dichlamy- 

 daeous monopetalous flowers and nut-like 

 fruit, belonging to Perigynous Exogens. 



Echidna, (ek-id'na). [Gk. echinos, hedgehog.] 

 =Porcupine Ant-eater: a burrowing ant- 

 eating quadruped of Australia: a division of 

 Monotremata. 



Echimys, (ek-i'mis). [Gk. echinos, spring; 

 mys, rat.] A small rodent quadruped, known 

 by fossil remains, found in Recent rocks of 

 S. America. . .,.-' 



Echinaster, (ek-i-nas'ter). [Echinodermata, 

 q.v.] An animal, belonging to Echinoder- 

 mata, the larval state of which is but imper- 

 fectly developed. .- 



Echini, (ek-i'ni). [Gk. cc/anos/sea-urchini] 

 Fossils, covered with spines, abundant in 

 Chalk, the remains of animals belonging to 

 Echinodermata. 



Echinid, (e-ki'nid). ' [Gk. echinos, sea-urchin.] 

 Individual of Echinodermata. 



Echinidea, (e-ki-nid'e-a). [Gk. echinos, sea- 

 urchin. ]=Sea-urchins: a division of Echi- 

 nodermata ; sea stars in which the arms are 

 folded over so as to form a spheroidal or 

 discoidal body ; also called Echinidse. 



Echinites, (ek-i-nits' or ek-i-ni'tez)=Echini, 

 q.v. -*--. 



Echinococcus, (e-ki-no-kok'kus). [Gk. echinos, 

 spiny; kokkos, berry.] The nurse-form of 

 tape-worms, parasitic in other animals. 



Echinodermata, (e-kl-no-der'ma-ta). [Gk. 

 echinos, spiny ; derma, skin.]=Sea-urchins, 

 star-fishes, sea-cucumbers, &c. : marine ani- 

 mals, forming a division of Annuloida, q.c.', 

 more common at a depth below 20 fathoms. 

 Found fossil from the Silurian epoch until 

 now. 



Echinodenns, (e-ki'no-dermz). [Gk. echinos, 

 spiny; dernia, skin.]=Echinodermata, q.v. 



Echinodon, (e-ki'no-don). [Gk. echinos, spiny; 

 odous, tooth.] A reptile, known only by 

 fossil remains, found in Jurassic rocks. 



Echinoidea, ( ek-i-noi'de-a ). [Gk. echinos, 

 hedgehog; eidos, form.]= Sea-urchins, &c., 

 which have spiny skins. 



Echinorhynchus, ( e - ki - nor - ink'us ). [Gk. 

 echinos, hedgehog ; rygchos, snout.] A ver- 

 miform parasite, having a proboscis with 

 sharp hooks, but no mouth., belonging to 



