PATO 



126 



FERMENTATION 



Faun. 



Faun, (fawn). [Faon, the French name.] A 

 young deer. 



Faxoe beds, (fak'so). 

 Partly connect Se- 

 condary and Ter- 

 tiary rocks. 



Fayalite, (fa'a-Ht). 

 [Fayal, an island; 

 Gk. lithos, stone.] 

 A mineral, chiefly 

 silicate of iron. 



Faye's comet = Co- 

 met VI. of 1873; a 

 telescopic comet, with a period of 7| years, 

 discovered in 1843 by M. Faye, a French 

 astronomer. 



Feathers, (feTH'ers). [Fedher, the A.-S. word.] 

 Peculiar horny sub-divided developments of 

 the epidermis, found only on birds. Have 

 been called "plants growing on animals," 

 also "skin plants." Clothing F.: covering 

 the body. Primary F. : rise from the bone 

 of the hand. Quill F.: in the wings and tail. 

 Secondary F. : rise from distal end of fore-arm. 

 Tertiary F. : rise from proximal end of fore- 

 arm. F. alum: fibrous varieties of alum; v. 

 Halotrichite. F. bearers=Plume moths= 

 Pterophori. F. edged: having one edge 

 thinner than the other. F. grros=Stipa, a 

 plant belonging to Graminaceae. F. ore : a 

 fibrous variety of lead ore : also called 

 Heteromorphite ; v. Jamesonite. F. stars= 

 Comatulae : animals belong to Crinoidae. 



Featherings=:Foliations, q.v. 



Fecula, (fek'u-la). [L. fcecula, dregs.] Any 

 powdered substance obtained from plants ; 

 used especially for such as starch. 



Fecundation, (fek-un-da'shun.) [L. fecundo, I 

 fertilise.] The union of the sperm and germ 

 elements, which fertilises the germ. 



Feejeans, an Oceanic race ; natives of Feeje 

 Islands. 



Feeling, (fe'ling). [A.-S. felan, I feel.] The 

 sense of touch, diffused generally over the 

 whole body. 



Feldspar, (feld'spar). [Ger. feld, field ; spath, 

 spar.] A mineral, chiefly silicate of alu- 

 minum, of which there are many varieties. 

 The word is also used generally as=Ortho- 

 cluse, also for the feldspar group of minerals 

 which includes Albite, Andesite, Anorthite, 

 Hyalophane, Labradorite, Oligoclase, Ortho- 

 el ase ; v. Felspar. J3hte.F.=:Lazulite. Labra- 

 dor F. = Labradorite. Lime .F. = Anorthite. 

 Potash F.=Orthoclase. Soda F.= Albite. 



Feldspath, (feld'spath). [The German word.] 

 = Feldspar, q.v. 



Feldstein, (feld'stin). [Ger. feld, field ; stein, 

 stone.] =Feldspar, q.v. 



Felidae, (fe'li-de). [Felis, q.v.] Cat-like 

 animals : lions, tigers, hyaenas, &c. ; a group 

 of carnivorous animals, marked by strength 

 and fierceness ; have usually strong curved 

 teeth and claws. 



Felis, (fg'lis). [The Latin name.]=Lion, cat, 

 tiger, &c.: a genus of animals belonging to 

 Felidse ; found everywhere but in Australia. 

 F. feo=Lion. Fossil F.: F. catus, F. leo, 

 F. pardoides, F. spelaea, F. tigris. 



Felsite, (fel'sit). [Ger. fel, rock.] A mineral, 

 chiefly silicate of alumina ; a compact variety 

 of felspar. 



Felsobanyite, (fel-se-ban'ylt). [Felsoobanya, 

 in Hungary.] A mineral, chiefly hydrous 

 sulphate of aluminum. 



Felspar, (fel'spar). [Fel, rock ; spath, spar.] 

 Double silicates of aluminum and potassium 

 or sodium, &c. ; a constituent of granite, 

 basalt, porphyry, &c. ; minerals mostly 

 plagioclastic and triclinic. 



Felspar group of minerals, includes Orthoclase, 

 Albite, Oligoclase, Labradorite, and other fel- 

 spars. Potassium ^ ? .=Adularia=Orthoclaso 

 =Common F. v. Feldspar. 



Felstone, (fel'ston). Felsite : compact felspar. 



Felt, (felt). [The A.-S. word.] Cloth made 

 of wool, hair, &c., by pressure, which forms 

 it into a matted substance, 



Felt-moulds=Antennariei : fungi belonging 

 to Physomycetes. 



Female, (fe'rual). [Femina, the Latin word.] 

 v. Set 



Femoral, (fem'o-ral). [Femur, q.v.] Con- 

 nected with, or relating to, the femur. 



Femur, (fe'mur). [The Latin word.] The 

 thigh bone ; the longest and strongest bone 

 in the human skeleton. 



Fenestella, (fen-es-tel'la). [L. fenestella, little 

 window.] A polyzoon ; known by many 

 fossil remains in Devonian limestone and 

 other rocks. 



Fenestra, (fen-es'tra). [L. fencstra, window.] 

 Two openings in the ear, closed by mem- 

 branes ; one called the fenestra rotunda, the 

 other the fenestra ovalis. 



Fennel, (fen'nel). [Fenol, the A.-S. name.] 

 =Fceniculum : a plant belonging to Apiaceao. 

 Oil ofF.=Oil of anise, q.v. 



Fenugreek, (fe-nu-grek'). [L. fcenum, hay; 

 Gnecum, Greek. ]=Trigonella: a plant be- 

 longing to Leguminaceae. 



Ferae, (fe're). [L./mts, wild.] A sub-division 

 of Mammalia, according to Linnaeus's classi- 

 fication of animals. Used by Giebel for car- 

 nivorous and insectivorous mammalia. Also 

 v. Bonaparte's classification. 



Ferberite, (fer'ber-it). A mineral, chiefly 

 tungstate of iron. 



Ferguson's paradox. A train of wheelwork, 

 in which two wheels are turned in different 

 directions at the same time by the motion of 

 a third wheel. 



Fergusonite, (fer-gus'o-nlt). [Mr. Ferguson.] 

 A mineral, chiefly niobata of yttrium and 

 cerium. 



Ferment, (fe/ment). [L. fermentum, leaven.] 

 ^Catalytic body : a substance which causes 

 fermentation; e.g., yeast, must, &c. Accord- 

 ing to the physical theory of fermentation, 

 ferments are dead nitrogenous substances. 



Fermentation, (fer-men-ta'shun). [Ferment, 

 q.v.] Catalysis : a transformation of an 

 organic body, whose constituents have but 

 feeble affinity, into simpler substances, 

 which commences from the action of a small 

 addition of organic matter in such a state of 

 change, accompanied by the production of 

 alcohol, acetic acid, and lactic acid, &c. ; also 



