FOLIACEOTTS 



132 



FORMICA 



Tre-F. =having three leaves or cusps, Quatre- 

 .F.=:having four leaves or cusps. Cinque-F. 

 =having five leaves or cusps. 



Foliaceous, ( fo-li-a'shus ). [Foliaceus, the 

 Latin word.] Leaf -like. 



Foliaceae, ( fo-Ji-a'se-e ). [L. foliaceus, leaf- 

 like.] = Hepaticse and Musci, q.v. Plants 

 with leaf-like expansions : a sub-division of 

 Acotyledons. v. De Candolle's classifica- 

 tion. 



Foliation, (fo-li-a'shun). [L. folium, leaf.]= 

 Feathering: splitting into leaves. 



Folkestone and Hythe Beds. Sand belong- 

 ing to Upper Neocomian. 



Follicle, (fol'li-kl). [L. folliculus, a little 

 sack.] 1. A dry dehiscent fruit, consisting 

 of a single carpel, cf. Legume. 2. A liHle 

 bladder. 



Folliculares, (fol-li-ka-la'rez). [L. folliculus, a 

 little sack.] A sub-division of Proteaceae, q.v. 



Follower. Used in machinery, for the one of 

 two pieces which is moved by the other. 



Fomalhaut. A star in Piscis Australia, of the 

 first magnitude. 



Fontanelles, ( fon'ta-nelz ). [P. fontanelle, 

 little fountain.] Membranous intervals be- 

 tween the bones of the skull, exist only in 

 infancy; named from the pulsation of the 

 brain being felt. 



Food, (food). [Foda, the A.-S. word.] Sub- 

 stances taken into the alimentary canal, 

 from which nourishment of the body can be 

 obtained; always contain protein, and are 

 usually of unstable chemical composition. 

 Divided into Proteidx: such as albumen, 

 gluten, casein, &c. Fats: such as oils, fat, 

 &c. Amyloids: such as starch, sugar, gums, 

 &c. Minerals: water, and various salts. Iu 

 warm countries the food should contain an 

 excess of oxygen, in cold countries an excess 

 of carbon, above the average. 



Fool's parsley =.32thusa, q.v. 



Foot, (fdt). (Fot, the A.-S. word] 1. The 

 extremity of the posterior limb in man, 

 quadrupeds, <fcc. 2. A measure of length, 

 the unit of measurement in physics=12 in. 

 F. jaw = Maxillipedes, q.v. F. pound, a 

 measure of energy =one pound raised through 

 one foot against gravitation. F. prints, 

 fossil: footmarks of quadrupeds and birds, 

 found as far back as the Silurian rocks, v. 

 liithicnozoa. 



Foraging ahts=Ecitons, q.v. 



Foramen, (for-a'men). [The Latin word.] A 

 hole, or small opening. F. of Monro, in the 

 cerebrum of the brain. F. of Pannizzce, be- 

 tween the aorta and pulmonary artery, in 

 reptiles. F. of Sommering, in the eye : a 

 rounded elevation in the centre of the pos- 

 terior portion of the retina: named from 

 being supposed to be a foramen; also called 

 Yellow-spot. F. of Vesalii, in the greater 

 wing of the sphenoid bone. F. of Winslow, 

 between the stomach and liver. 



Foraminifera. (for-ii-min-if er-a). [L. foramen, 

 hole ; fero, I bear.] Animals belonging to 

 Rhizopoda, usually living in perforated 

 shells, and having long filamentous pseudo- 

 podia. Classified according to texture of 



shell rather than manner of growth. Classi- 

 fied by D'Orbigny, Carpenter, and others. 

 Force, (fors). [L. fortis, strong.] The cause 

 of motion : measured by the velocity and mass 

 of the moving body: called pressure, and 

 measured by weight, when acting vertically 

 downwards. F. pump : to pump up water, 

 &c., against gravitation. F. of gravity: v. 

 Gravitation. F. of running water: 3 in. per 

 second moves fine clay, 12 in. fine gravel, 

 24 in. small pebbles, 36 in. stones as large 



Forces, (fors'ez). [Force, q.v.} Plural of Force, 

 q.v. Molecular F., v. Molecular. Polygon 

 of P., a diagram representing a number of 

 forces, acting upon a point in equilibrium, 

 consisting of a polygon, of which each side 

 represents one of the forces; the direction of 

 the force is indicated by the direction of the 

 line, and the amount of the force by its length. 

 Triangle of F.,& polygon of forces, in which 

 there are but three forces. 



Forest, (for'est). [Foresta, the Italian word.] 

 F. Bed of Norfolk, with bones of elephant, 

 extending 40 miles. F. ^Zies=Hippobosca, 

 q.v. F. marble, a bed of sandstone belong- 

 ing to Lower Oolite; also called Bath Oolite. 



Forficula, (for-fik'u-la). [The Latin word.] 

 1. = Earwig, q.v. 2. Small forceps, in in- 

 sects, &c. 



Forget-me-not = Myosotis palustris, a small 

 herb. 



Formaldehyde, (form-al'de-hid). [Formic and 

 Aldehyde, q.v.] = CHoO ; also called formic 

 aldehyde and methyfic aldehyde, obtained 

 from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, v. Al- 

 dehydes. 



Formamide, (form'a-mld^CH^NO: a colour- 

 less liquid, ammonia in which one equi- 

 valent of H is replaced by one of CHO, 

 obtained by heating ethyl formate and dry 

 ammonia. 



Formates, (form'uts). [Formic, q.v.] Salts of 

 formic acid. 



Formations, (for-ma'shunz). A number of 

 rocks that are alike in composition, aee, or 

 origin. Aqueous F., v. Aqueous. Fresh- 

 water F. t found in Jakes and estuaries, often 

 of great thickness, but usually of small ex- 

 tent. Lacustrine F., formed at the bottom 

 of lakes. Marine F., formed in seas. Metal- 

 liferous F. t v. Metalliferous. Stratified F., 

 v. Strata, v. Aqueous. Unstratifled F., v. 

 Unstratified. Volcanic F., v. Volcanic. 



Formene, ( for'men ). [Formic, q.v.] = Me- 

 thane, q.v. 



Formiates, (for'rni-ats.) [Formic, g.v.]=For- 

 mates. 



Formic, (for'mik). [Formica, q.v.] F. acid 

 =CH 2 2 : the simplest organic acid, obtained 

 from red ants, by oxidation of organic bodies, 

 or by synthesis of hydrogen and carbon di- 

 oxide; a fuming corrosive liquid. F. aide- 

 7i#d<;=Formaldehyde. F. ether =(C. 2 II 5 )CHO 2 

 =Ethyl Formiate. F. ethers=Formia.tes of 

 methyl, ethyl, tetry], &c.: formic acid in 

 which the basic hydrogen has been replaced 

 by an alcoholic radicle. 



Formica, (for'mi-ka). [Tho Latin name.]= 



