FEAGAfcIA 



134 



FRIES'S 



equal parts into which the whole of a given 

 unit is divided ; and the upper, the numer- 

 ator, expresses the number of these that are 

 taken. Continued F. of the form 



1 



"a+l 

 6+1 



c+1, &c. 



Improper P., in which the numerator is 

 greater than the denominator. Vanishing 

 F in which numerator and denominator 

 both become 0. Proper F., in which the 

 numerator is less than the denominator. 

 Simple P., in which the numerator and de- 

 nominator are whole numbers. Complex F., 

 in which the numerator or denominator is 

 a fraction, a* A 7 M &c - Compound F., 



a fraction of a fraction, as J of f . Vulgar 

 P., in which both numerator and denomi- 

 nator are expressed, as \. Decimal F., in 

 which the denominator is a power of 10, and 

 is not expressed except by the notation of 

 the numerator, as '5. 



Fragaria, (fra-ga'ri-a). [L. fra grans, fragrant. ] 

 ^Strawberry: an herb with edible fruit, 

 belonging to Rosaceaj. 



Francoacese, (frau-k5-a'se-e). [M. Franco.]= 

 Francoads: stemless herbs, with numerous 

 small seeds, belonging to Ericales. 

 Francolite, (fran'ko-lit). (Wheal Franco, a 



Cornish mine.] A variety of Apatite, q.v. 

 Frangulin, (fran'gu-lin). C 2 oH 2 oOi : a yel- 

 low substance obtained from bark of Rham- 

 nus frangula. 



Frangulic acid, (fran'gu-lik) Gi^BsO^'. a 

 crystalline acid substance from bark of 

 Rhamnus frangula. 

 Frankenia, (f ran-ko'ni-a). [John Frankeni us. ] 



=Sea-heath: a plant found in salt marshes. 

 Frankeniacese, (fran-ke-ni-ii'se-e). [Frankenia, 

 q.v.] Herbs, found on shores, with small 

 flowers, belonging to Violales. 

 Frankincense, ( frang'kin-sense ). A gum- 

 resin obtained from Amyridaceoe, Croton, 

 and other plants. 



Franklin's theory of electricity, That it 

 is a subtle, imponderable fluid, present 

 in all substances, the amount of which is 

 increased in some and diminished in others 

 by friction. 



Franklinite, (frank'lin-it). [Dr. Franklin.] 

 A mineral, chiefly oxides of iron, manganese, 

 and zinc. 



Franklinic electricity=Frictional electricity. 

 Fraunhofer's lines, (frown'hof-er). [Herr 

 Fraunhofer of Bavaria.] The dark lines in 

 the solar spectrum, of which there are 

 several thousands, v. Spectrum. 

 Fraxin, (fraks'in). [Fraxinus, q.v.] Cig'n^ 

 Oi .H 2 O: a crystalline substance obtairiec 

 from the bark of the ash, resembles esculin 

 also called Paviin. 



Fraxinus, (fraks'i-nus). [The Latin name. 

 =Ash: a tree, belonging to Oleacefe, the 

 timber of which is tough and elastic. Flower 

 ing Ash^Ornus, q. v. 



Freestone, (fre'ston). A general term for any 

 stone which can be cut easily in any direc- 

 tion, and which has no distinct cleavage. 

 Sometimes confined to sandstone, but also 

 used for sandstones, limestones, and even 

 granite. 



Freezing, (fre-zing). [A.-S. freosan, cold.] 

 The solidification of a liquid, as the con- 

 version of water into ice. F. mixtures: 

 compounds which, when becoming liquid, 

 absorb heat, and so cool any object in con- 

 tact with them. Ex. Snow and salt : phos- 

 phate of sodium and nitric acid. F- point: 

 of fresh water=32 F. C ; of sea water= 

 2-25 C=27'4 F. 



Freia. No. 76 of the minor planets, q.v. 

 Freibergite, ( fri'ber-git ). [ Freiburg. ] A 



variety of Tetrahedrite. 



Freieslebenite, (fre/le-ben-It). [Herr Freies- 

 leben.] A mineral, chiefly lead, silver, 

 stibium, and sulphur. 



French, F. bean = Phaseolus vulgaris. F. 

 6oier=Elephant boiler: one large and two 

 smaller cylinders connected by transverse 

 pipes. F. chalk= A variety of talc. F. weights 

 and measures, v. Metric system. F. unitvf 

 electrical resistance : 1 kilometre of iron wire 

 4mm. indiaineter=9ohms nearly. F. polish 

 =A solution of gum shellac in alcohol. F. 

 sote=Solea pegusa. F. gurnard^lug^ Kne- 

 ata. F. tanline='Yo\\i\g pilchard. 

 Frenelites, (fren'e-lits). Fossil remains of 

 coniferous plants, found in Lower Clay, in 

 Kent. 



Fre&co, (fres'kS). [It. fresco, fresh.] Paint- 

 ing in water colours on wet plaster. Dry 

 F. on dry plaster, cf. Tempera, v. Paint- 

 ing. 



Fresnel's rhomb, (fra'nel). [M. Fresnel.] 

 An instrument, essentially a rhomb of glass, 

 for the circular or elliptical polarization of 

 light, invented by M. Fresnel. 

 Friable, (fri'a-bl). [Friabilis, the Latin 

 word.] = Pulverulent : easily reduced to 

 powder. 



Friar-birds, An Australian variety of honey- 

 eaters. 



Friction, (frik'shun). [Frictio, the Latin 

 word.] Resistance to motion, caused by 

 roughness. Statical F.: the resistance which 

 tends to present the motion of a body at 

 rest. Dynamical F.: the resistance which 

 diminishes the velocity of a moving body. 

 Coefficient of -F. = |-: where F=Friction. P. 

 =pressure. F. wheels: small wheels inter- 

 posed to reduce friction. 

 Frictional electricity, v. Electricity. 

 Fries's classification of plants : according to 

 fruits. 



Dicotyledons 

 Corolliflora;. 

 Thalamiflone. 

 Calyciflone. 

 Incomplete. 

 Monocotyledons. 

 Cryptogams 



HeteronemefC. 

 Homonemeot. 



