HAWFINCH 



159 



HEDERA 



Hawfinch, (liaw'finch).=Cocothraustes: a bird 

 belonging to Insessorea. 



Hawk, (hawk ). [Hafoc, the A.-S. word.]= 

 Accipiter: a bird of 

 prey, belonging to 

 Falconidse. Man 

 of War H. = Tra- 

 chypetes aquila. 

 Secretary H. = Gy- 

 pogeranus. Spar- 

 row H. = Accipiter 

 nisus. H. bit=Ij6- 

 ontodon : a plant, 

 belonging to Aster- 

 acese. H. moth = Swallow-tailed Hawk. 

 Sphinx. II. ow:=Strix surnia. H. icccd= 

 Hieracium: a plant belonging to Asteracete. 



Hawk's. H. beard=Creyis: an herb, belong- 

 ing to Asteraceas. H. bill turtle, v. Turtle. 



Hawse, ( hawz ). [F. hausser, to raise.] H. 

 holes : in the bow of a ship, to allow of the 

 cable of the anchor passing through. 77. 

 pieces : the timber in which the hawse holes 

 are cut. 77. plugs : used to fill the hawse 

 holes. H. timbers: next to, and behind, tho 

 knight-head of a vessel. 



Hawser, (hawz'er). [F. hausser, to raise.] A 

 small cable. 



Hawthorn, (haw'thorn). [A.-S. haga, hedge; 

 Thorn, Q.?>.]:=Cratoegus : a plant, usually a 

 tree, belonging to Rosaceaa. 



Hay's composition, used for making water- 

 proof joints and surfaces. 



Hazel, (ha'zel)=Filbert=Corylus avellana: a 

 plant, belonging to Corylacese. H. iuoth=z 

 Tortrix sorbiana. 



Head, (hed). [Heafod, tho A.-S. word]. The 

 most important, or the uppermost portion of 

 a body. In the higher animals contains the 

 organs of the sense and the mouth. Long 77. : 

 having the length more than -j of breadth. 

 Short H.: having the length less than f . H. 

 aniraate=Vertebrata. 77. of a bone: a globular 

 articulating surface. H. of Medusa= Algol, 

 q.v. : a starz=)3 Persei. 77. of water: an ac- 

 cumulation of water at a high level, so as to 

 be applicable to use as motive power. 



Header, v. Brick. 



Headon series, (hS'don). [H. in the Isle of 

 Wight.] Fresh-water and marine beds be- 



' longing to Upper Eocene. 



Hearing, (he'ring). [A.-S. hyran, to hear.] 

 The sensation produced by the excitement 

 of the auditory nerve; the fine terminal 

 fibres of which are connected with the ear. 



Heart, (hart). [Heort, the A.-S. word.] The 

 centre of the circulating system; in mammals, 

 birds, and crocodiles has four distinct davities 

 enclosed in a pericardium; in fishes has one 

 auricle and one ventricle; in Batrachians 

 one ventricle; in lancelet and Ascidians is a 

 simple muscular contractile tube; in Bra- 

 chiopoda is a pseudo-heart of a ventricle 

 and auricle opening into the body cavity; 

 in Tunicate works alternately, each end 

 being in turn both arterial and venous. 77. 

 urchins: a variety of Echinoidea. 77. wood 

 =Durarnen, q.v. Rudimentary H.: a sim- 



ple tube. Li/mphatic 77.: a pulsatile portion 

 of the lymphatics, which is regularly con- 

 tractile. There are several of these in many 

 reptiles and birds. 



Hearts-ease=Pansy=Viola tricolor: a small 

 fragrant herb, belonging to Violacese, ferti- 

 lised by means of humble bees only. 



Heat, (het). [The A.-S. word. ] A variety 

 of molecular motion ; a form of energy, 

 consisting of exceedingly small and rapid 

 vibrations. Animal H.: of man, about 98" 

 F. ; of human blood, about 106 F. Latent 

 Jf.=Absorbed H.: heat which does not affect 

 the thermometer. Specific 7J.=Capacity for 

 absorbing heat. 77. of combustion; heat 

 developed in chemical combination. 77. of 

 friction: heat developed by friction. 77. of 

 spectrum: increases from the violet end to 

 the red end, and is greatest beyond the red 

 extremity. Dynamical theory of H.= Me- 

 chanical theory of 77.; that heat is a motion 

 of the ultimate particles of matter. Ex- 

 change of H., v. Exchange. Generation of 

 H.: the conversion of some other phase of 

 energy into heat. Measurement of 77.: by 

 quantity=Calorimetry; by degree or temper- 

 ature = Thermometry. Mechanical equiva- 

 lent of H. About 722 foot-pounds, i.e., one 

 pound of water to be heated 1 F., requires 

 heat sufficient to raise 772 Ibs. one foot 

 against gravity. Polarization of H., v. 

 Polarization. 



Heath, (heth). [Hath, the A.-S. word.] 1. = 

 Erica. 2.=Calluna vulgaris. Cornish H.= 

 Erica vagans. St. Dabeoc's /7.=Dabeocia. 

 Moor 77.=Gypsocallis. 



Heather, (heiuer). [The Scotch word.] Heath, 



(heths). [Heath, q.v.] Plants be- 



longing to Ericaceae, mostly confined to the 



Cape of Good Hope. 

 Heath- worts, (heth'wurts). [Heath and Wort, 



<7.v.]=Ericace8e, q.v. 

 Heavy spar=Barite=Barytes, q.v. : a mineral, 



chiefly native sulphate of barium. 

 Heavy spar group of minerals: includes stron- 



tianite, barite, celestite, &c. 

 Hebe, (he'be). [Classical.] No. 6 of the Minor 



Planets. 

 Hecdecane, (hek'de-kan)=Dioctyl = C 16 H 26 . 



v. Octyl. 

 Hecto, (hek'to). [Gk. helcaton, hundred. ]= 



100 times: a prefix used in Metric system, 



q.v. 



Hectometre=100 metres=32S'OS9 feet. 

 Hectogram=100 grams=3'2 ounces. 

 Hectare=100 ares=2'47 acres. 

 Hectolitre=100 litres=22 gallons. 

 Hectocotyle, (hek-to-kot'i-le). [Gk. hel-aton, 



hundred; kotylos, cup.]=Hectocotylus, q.v. 

 Hectocotylus, (hek-to-kot'i-lus). [Gk. hekaton, 



hundred; kotylos, cup.] One of the arm- 



like processes in the cuttle-fish and nautilus, 



which is modified for the purpose of repro- 



duction, and has numerous suckers. 

 Hedenbergite, (hed'en-berg-it). A variety of 



augite; a mineral, chiefly silicate of lime 



and magnesia. 

 Hedera, (hed'er-a). [The Latin name.] A 



