JEJUNUM 



187 



JffNIPER 



Jejunum, (je-ju'uum). [L. jejunus, empty.] 



A portion of the small intestines. 

 Jelly, (jel'li). [Gelte, the French word.] A 



eemi-transparent gelatinous variety of food. 



Animal J., v. Gelatine and Isinglass. Vege- 

 table J.; obtained from fruits, such as the 



currant, and from various mosses and 



lichens. /. ./?s/tes=:Hydrozoa, q.v. J. lichens 



=Collemaceae. 

 Jerboa, (jer-b5'a). [Terboa, the Arab. name.]= 



Dipus=Mus sagitta: 



a small animal be- 

 longing to Kodentia, 



remarkable for the 



length of its hind 



legs ; also called 



Jum ping-mouse. 

 Jer- falcon, (jer-faw'- Jerboa- 



kon). [Hierofalco, <?.v.]=Gyr-falcon=Falco 



islandicus. v. Ger-falcon. 

 Jericho, Rose of=Anastatica hierocliuntina: 



a plant, belonging to Brassicaceae, found in 



Syria and Egypt. 



Jersey tea=Ceonothus Americanus: a plant 

 belonging to Rhamnacese. 



Jerusalem artichoke. [It. girasole, sunflower.] 

 =Helianthua tuberosus: a plant belonging 

 to Asteracese. 



Jervic acid=Ci4HioOio+2H2O: a white crys- 

 talline substance obtained from the root of 

 Hellebore. 



Jessamine=Jasminum, q.v. Cape /. Gar- 

 denia, q.v. 



Jet, (jet). [Jayet, the French word.] A 

 lustrous brittle mineral, probably a variety 

 of coal; a variety of lignite. 



Jewels, (jo'elz). [Joyau, the French \vord.]= 

 Precious stones=Gems, q.v. 



Jewellery = Jewelry: gems set in gold or silver 

 for ornaments. 



Jicara, (yik'a-ra). A tree as large as an apple 

 tree, with orange-like fruits growing on the 

 trunk. 



Job's tears=Coix lachryma: a plant, belong- 

 ing to Graminacese, named from the shape 

 of its fruits. 



Johanna, (jo-han'na). No. 127 of the Minor 

 Planets. 



Johannite, (jo-han'*)- [Prof. John.] A 

 mineral, chiefly sulphate of uranium. 



Joinery, (join'er-i). 1. A general term for 

 the wood -work to buildings, such as doors, 

 window-frames, &c. 2. The art of making 

 such structures of wood. 



Joint-firs=Gnetace8e, q.v. 



Joints, (joints). 1. Natural fissures in 

 rocks. 2. Connections between the various 

 bones or cartilages of the body. Perfect 

 J.: when two smooth surfaces move on 

 each other. Imperfect J.: when the con- 

 nection is by ligaments. Hinge J.: in. 

 which motion is in one plane only, as 

 the elbow. Pivot J.'. in which one bone 

 turns upon the other as a centre, as in 

 the neck. Ball and socket J.: in which one 

 bone moves within the other, as the shoulder. 

 Shackle J. : in which two rings of bone are 

 connected, as in the spine bones of some 



Jolly boat, [Yawl, q.v.] A clincher - built 



boat. v. Yawl. 

 Jollyte, (jol'llt). A mineral, chiefly silicate 



of magnesium, iron, and aluminum. 

 Joloffs. AJI African people. 

 Jugal, (joo'gaJ). [L. jugum, yoke.] A bone 



of the face of lower animals, corresponding 



to the human cheek bone. 

 Juglandaceae,(jug-lan-da'se-e). [Juglans, q.v.] 



=Juglands: trees, sometimes resinous, be- 

 longing to Quernales. 

 Juglandin, (jooglan-din). [Juglans, q.v.] An 



alkaloid obtained from walnut juice. 

 Juglans, (joo'glanz). [Jovis, Jove's; glans, 



acorn.] A plant belonging to Juglan- 



dacese. /. rcria=Walnut tree. /. alba= 



Hickory. 

 Jugular, (joo'gu-lar). [L, jugulum, collar 



bone.J Belonging to the neck. /. vein: 



the vein bringing the blood back from the 



head and neck to the heart. /. fishes: those 



having the posterior limbs are much more 

 forward than normally. Ex. cod. 



Juice, (jus). [F. jus, broth.] A general term 

 for the fluid portion of any animal or vege- 

 table substance. Gastric J. : in the stomach, 

 v. Gastric. Intestinal /.=Succua entericus. 

 v. Intestinal. 



Julia. No. 89 of the Minor Planets. 



Julian, (joo'li-an). [Julius Caesar.] J. calen- 

 dar; as arranged by Julius Csesar, in which 

 the year began with March, and when the 

 intercalary day in leap year was first intro- 

 duced. J. poc/i=46 B.C. the date of the 

 Julian Calendar. /. period = 7980 years, 

 being 19x28xl5=7980=the common mea- 

 sure of the Lunar Cycle, Solar Cycle, and 

 Indiction. /. year='365 days 6 hours. 



Julianite, (joo'li-a-mt). [Juliane mine.] A 

 mineral, chiefly a mixture of copper, sulphur, 

 arsenic, &c. 



Julidae, (j66'li-de)=Millipedes: a sxib-division 

 of Myriapoda, q.v. 



Jumper, A mining tool : a steel -pointed 

 chisel. 



Jumping, /. owgrs=:Halticocoridse, q.v. J. 

 Aa7'e=Pedetes capensis=Helamys capensis. 

 /. johnny=J. fish=Ciose-eyed gudgeon. /. 

 mowse=Meriones Hudsouicus. J. spider= 

 Attus. 



Juncaoeae, (jun-ka'se-e). [Juncus, q.v. ]= 

 Rushes: herbs with thin stem and brown or 

 green flowers, belonging to Juncales. 



Juncaginaceae, (jun-ka-jin-a'se-e). [Juncus, 

 q. v.}. Arrow-grasses: rush-like plants be- 

 longing to Alismales. 



Juncales, (jun-ka'lez). [Juncus, q.v.] Plants 

 belonging to hypogynous endogens, of which 

 juncacese are the type. v. Lindley. 



Juncus. (j un'kus). [Jungo, to j oin. ] =Rush : an 

 herb the type of Juncacese. 



Jungermanniaceae, ( jun - ger - man-ni-a'se-e ). 

 [Louis Jungermann.]=Scale mosses : small 

 moss-like creeping plants belonging to Mus- 

 cales. 



Jungle sheep=Kemas hylocrinus: an Indian 

 goat-like animal. 



Juniper, (joo'ni-per). Juniperus: a plant be- 

 longing to Pinacese. 



