MALACOPTERYGIAN 



208 



MAMMILLARY 



Malacopterygian, (nial-a-kop-ter-ij'i-an). [Gk. 

 malakos, soft; pteryx, fin.] Soft-finned. M. 

 fishes: carp, pike, salmon, cod, sole, &c. : a 

 sub-division of Bony Fishes, of which the fin 

 rays are generally soft. 



Malacopteri, (mal'a-kop'ter-i) = Malacoptery- 

 gian fishes, q.v. 



Malacostraca, (mal-a-kos'tra-ka). [Gk. mala- 

 kos, soft; ostrakon, shell.]=l. Higher Crus- 

 tacea: as distinguished from the hard-shelled 

 mollusca. 2. Burmeister's term for Podo- 

 phthalma and Edriophthalma. 



Malacozoaria, (mal-a-k6-z5-a'ri-a). [Gk. ma- 

 lakos, soft; zoon, animal.]=Mollusca: soft- 

 bodied animals. 



Malacotomy, (mal-a-kot'6-mi). [Gk. malakos, 

 soft; tome, section.]=Anatomy of Molluscs. 

 v. Zootomy. 



Malaeic acid,(ma-le'ik). [Malic, g.v.]=C 4 H4O 4 : 

 a crystalline, colourless substance obtained 

 from Malic acid=Succinic acid hydrogen. 



Malaleuca, (mal-a-lu'ka). A plant belonging 

 to Myrtaceaa. M. kayuputefi: yields kayu- 

 puteh oil. 



Malamic acid, (mal'a-mic). [Malic, q.v.]= 

 C,iH7NO4=An amide of malic acid. 



Malamide, (mal'a-mid). [Malic and Amide, 

 q.v.] An amide of malic acid. 



Malar bones, (ma'lar). [L. mala, cheek.] 

 Cheek-bones: two triangular bones below 

 the eyes. M. jjrominence=Cheek-bone. 



Malates, (mal'ats). [Malic, q.v.} Compounds 

 of malic acid with bases. 



Malaxis, (mal-aks'is). [Gk. malaxis, delicate.] 

 An herb, with small green flowers, belonging 

 to OrchidacesB. 



Malay, (ma'la). An Oceanic people, v. 

 Turanian. M. 6eaj-=Helarctos Malayauus. 



Malbrouck=Cercopithecus, q.v. 



Maldonite, (mal'don-it). An alloy of bismuth 

 and gold. 



Male, (nial). [The French word.] M. fern= 

 Nephrodium filix-mas. v. Fern. M. fluellin 

 =Linaria spuria. v. Fluellin. 



Maleic acid=Malaeic acid, q.v. 



Malentozoaria, (mal-en-to-zo-a'ri-a). De Blain- 

 ville's term for Cirri pedia and Chiton. 



Malesherbiaceae, (mal-e-sher-bi-a'se-e). [M. 

 de Malesherbes.]=Crown-worts: shrubs and 

 herbs belonging to Violales. 



Malic acid, (mfi'lik). [L. malum, apple.]= 

 C^gOs: a crystalline substance found in 

 vegetables, especially in apples and other 

 fruits. 



Malleable, (mal'e-a-bl). [L." malleus, ham- 

 mer.] Easily flattened out by hammering. 



Malleability, ( mal-e-a-bil'i-ti ). [Malleable, 

 q.v.] The property of cohesion in metals and 

 other substances, which allows them to be 

 beaten or rolled into leaves, cf. Ductility. 



Malleolus, ( mal'le-o-lus ). [L. malleolus, 



, small hammer.] A small pi-ojection of the 

 shin bone, forming part of the ankle. 



Malleus, (mal'16-us). [L. malleus, hammer.] 

 =Hammer bone: a small bone in the tym- 

 panic cavity of the ear in contact with the 

 tympanum. In man the M. is small; in 

 the Echidna it is large; in the Sauropsida it 

 is very large, and divided into the os quad- 



ratum and os articulare: in bony fishes it ia 

 divided into these two and a third part, the 

 meta-pterygoid. 



Mallophaga, (mal-of a-ga). [Gk. mallos, fleece; 

 phago, I eat.] Bird-lice, &c. : wingless in- 

 sects, parasitic, mostly upon birds. 



Mallow, (mal'lo). [Malva, the Latin name.] 

 = Malva, q.v. Tree Jf.=Lavatera, q.v. 



Mallow-worts, (mal'15-wurts). [Mallow and 

 Wort, g.i>.]=Malvace03=Malvads. 



Malonates, (mal'6-nats). [Malonic, q.v.] Com- 

 pounds of malonic acid with bases. 



Malonic acid, (mal'o-nik). [Malic, q.v. ] 

 an acid substance obtained by adding oxygeu 

 to malic acid=Acetic and carbonic acids. 



Malpighia, (mal-pig'i-a). [Signor Malpighi.] A 

 plant, the type of Malpighiacece. M. puni- 

 ci/oZia=Barbadoes cherry. 



Malpighiaceae, (mal-pig-i-a'se-e). [Malpighia, 

 Q.v.]=Malpighiads: trees and shrubs, chiefly 

 tropical, belonging to Sapindales. 



Malpighian capsules, (mal-pig'i-an). [Signor 

 Malpighi.] Small cells, terminating the 

 tubes of the kidneys, into which the renal 

 arteries enter, v. Ferrein. 



Malt, (mawlt). [The A.-S. word.] Corn, 

 usualbr barley, artificially germinated to a 

 partial extent, and then killed by heat, so 

 that the sugar obtained from the starch 

 remains unaltered. 



Malt sugar=C 6 H 12 O 6 . v. Sugar. 



Maltha, (mal'tha). [The Latin name.]= 

 Mineral tar: a white, waxy, brittle, viscid 

 variety of bitumen, <?.v.=Pittasphalt. 



Malva, (mal'va). [The Latin uame.]=Mal- 

 low: an herb, belonging to Malvaceae. 



Malvaceae, (mal-va'se-e). [Malva, <p. ^Mal- 

 low-worts: shrubs and trees, with showy 

 axillary flowers, belonging to Malvales. 



Malvales, (mal-va'lez). [Malva, q.v.] Plants, 

 forming a division of Hypogynous exogens, 

 of which Malvaceae are the type. 



Mamelucos. Descendants of Europeans and 

 W. Indians. 



Mammalia, (mam-mu'li-a). [L. mamma, teat.] 

 A primary division of Vertebrate animals 

 (including all the highest class of animals) 

 who suckle their young by means of mam- 

 maae, have hot blood with red corpuscles, 

 and have each ramus of the mandible com- 

 posed of a single piece of bone. Fossil re- 

 mains of M. are not found in rocks older 

 than Tertiary, excepting a few in Oolite and 

 Trias rocks. Mammalian animals are divided 

 into Placentalia, q.v., having a placenta; and 

 Implacentalia, q.v., having no placenta. 



Mammalogy, (mam-mal'6-ji). [Mammalia, 

 q.v. ; Gk. logos, discourse.] The science of 

 Mammalian animals. 



Mammary glands, (mam'ma-ri). [L. mamma, 

 teat.] Modifications of the sebaceous glands, 

 by which milk is secreted for the nourish- 

 ment of the young of mammalia. 



Mammifera, ( mani-mif er-a ). [L. mamma, 

 teat; fero, I bear.] De Blainville's term for 

 Mammalia. 



Mammillary, (mam-mil'lar-i). [L. mamma, 

 teat.] M. minerals: occurring in rounded 

 forms like mammse. M. process = Meta- 



