PHOTOMETER 



264 



HA-MATEE 



light; graphs, writing.] The action of light 

 upon sensitive substances, such as iodide of 

 silver, by which portraits and views can be 

 taken; the sunlight decomposes the iodide 

 of silver, and the portion not acted on is 

 washed off. 



Photometer, (fo-tom'e-ter). [Gk. phos, light; 

 metron, measure.] An instrument for the 

 measurement of the relative intensities of 

 two lights. 



Photosphere, ( f5'to-sfer ). [Gk. phos, light; 

 sphaira, sphere.] The bright surface of the 

 sun or other star. 



Photozincography, v. Zincography. 



Phragmites, (frag-mi'tez). [The Greek name.] 

 Reed : a plant belonging to Graminacese. 



Phryganea, (fri-ga'ne-a). [Gk. phryganon, 

 faggot of wood.] Caddis-fly : an insect con- 

 necting Neuroptera with Lepidoptera. 



Phthalamic acid, (thal'a-mik). [Phthalic and 

 Amide, 2.v.]=C8H 7 NO 3 :=Amidated phthalic 

 acid. 



Phthalic acid, (thal'ik). [Naphthalin, q.v.] 

 =C 8 H 6 O 4 = Naphthalic acid : a crystalline 

 acid substance, obtained from naphthalin. 



Phthisis, (thi'sis). [Gk. phthio, I waste away.] 

 Consumption: a phase of disease, caused by 

 the formation of tubercles in the lungs, and 

 resulting in gradual decay. 



Phylactolaemata, ( fi-lak-to-le'ma-ta. ) [Gk. 

 phylaktos, guarded; laimos, throat.] A pri- 

 mary division of Polyzoa, including animals 

 in which the gullet-entrance is protected by 

 a covering. 



Phyllocyanin, (fil-lo-si'a-Tiin). [Gk. phyllon, 

 leaf; kyanos, blue.] The blue colouring 

 principle of chlorophyll, c/. Phylloxanthin. 



Phyllociium, ( fil-16'di-um ). [Gk. phyllon, 

 leaf; eidos, form.] = Phyllodes: a general 

 term for any leaf-like expansion, especially 

 the petiole when flattened or expanded. 



Phyllopoda, (fil-lop'o-da). [Gk. phyllon, leaf; 

 pous, foot.] Crustacean animals having 

 a resemblance to trilobites, found fossil from 

 Cambrian to Recent rocks, excepting in Cre- 

 taceous. 



Phylloxanthin, (fil-loks-an'thin). [Gk. phyl- 

 lon, leaf; xanthos, yellow.] The yellow 

 colouring principle of chlorophyll, c/. Phyl- 

 locyanin. 



Phylloxera, (fil-loks-e'ra). [Gk. phyllon, leaf; 

 xeros, withered.] An insect, found in N. 

 America, that destroys vines. 



Physalia, (fi-su'li-a). [Gk. physallis, bubble.] 

 A marine invertebrate animal belonging to 

 Acalephse. P. pelagicus = Portuguese man- 

 of-war=Guinea-ship : an inflated blue blad- 

 der, with a mass of long crimson tentacles. 



Physeter, (fi-se'ter). [Gk. physeter, bellows.] 

 Spermaceti whale: an animal belonging to 

 Cetaceae. 



Physetoleic acid, ( f i-se-to'le-ik ). [Physeter 

 and Oleic, q.v,]=CioH.3oO^: an acid obtained 

 from the oil of the spermaceti whale. 



Physic, (fiz'ik). [Gk. physis, nature.] P. 

 nut: purgative fruits of Ricinus Americanus. 



Physical, (fiz'i-kal). [Physikos, the Greek 

 word.] Natural: connected with, or relating 

 to, physics. _ P. geography=^Pbys\ogia,p\iy. 



Physics, (fiz'iks). [Gk. physis, nature.] The 

 science of force or energy when it takes the 

 form of light, sound, heat, or electricity. 



Physiography, ( fiz-i-og'ra-fi ). [Gk. physis, 

 nature; graphe, writing.] = Physical geo- 

 graphy: an account of the surface of the 

 globe, and of the causes which modify it. 



Physiology, (fiz-i-ol'6-ji). [Gk. physis, nature; 

 logos, discourse.] The science of the nature 

 and functions of organised bodies. Human 

 P. : the branch of physiology relating to 



' man. 



Physiozoa, (fiz-i-o-zo'a). [Gk. physis, nature; 

 zoe, life.] Fitzinger's term for Annulata, 

 Radiata, and Vermes. 



Physomycetes, (f i-so-mi-se'tez). [Gk. physa, 

 bladder; mykes, mushroom.] = Moulds: a 

 primary division of Fungales. 



Physophoridse, (fi-so-for'i-de). [Gk. physa, 

 bladder; phoreo, to carry.] A sub-division 

 of Marine Hydrozoa, having swimming blad- 1 

 ders. 



Physopoda, (fi-sop'o-da). [Gk. physa, blad- 

 der; pous, foot.] Insects. 



Physospermum, (f i-so-sper'mum). [Gk. physa, 

 bladder; sperma, seed.] Bladder-seed: a 

 plant belonging to Apiaceae. 



Physostigma, (fi-so-stig'ma). [Gk. physa, 

 bladder; Stigma, q.v.] Calabar bean: a 

 plant. 



Physostigmia, ( f T-so-stig'mi-a ). [ Physo- 

 stigma, 5.v.]r=C 15 HoiN3O2 : a powerful poi- 

 sonous basic substance obtained from the 

 Calabar bean, which produces paralysis, and 

 is antagonistic in its action to atropia. 



Phytelephas, ( f i-tel'e-fas ). [Gk. phyton, 

 plant, elephas, ivory.]=Vegetable ivory: a 

 plant belonging to Pandanacese, the seeds of 

 which, when dry, are hard and white like 

 ivory. 



Phyteuma, (fl-tu'ma). Rampion: an herb 

 belonging to Campanulacese. 



Phytocrene, (f i'to-kren). [Gk. phyton, plant; 

 krene, fountain. ]=Water-vine: a plant, with 

 soft and porous stem, containing much 

 water, belonging to Artocarpaceae. 



Phytolaccacese, (fi-to-lak-fi'se-e). [Gk. phy- 

 ton, plant; lakka, lac.]=Phytolaccads: herbs, 

 belonging to Chenopodales; named from the 

 colour of the fruit. 



Phytophaga, (fi-tofa-ga). [Gk. phyton, plant; 

 phago, I eat.] 1. Animals feeding on vege- 

 table food only. 2. A beetle=Eupoda. 



Phytophagoida, ( f T-to-fa-goi'da ). [Phyto- 

 phaga, q.v. ; Gk, eidos, form.] Animals sub j 

 sisting on vegetable food. 



Phytosaurus, (fi-to-saw'rus). [Gk. phyton, 

 plant; saurus, lizard.] v. Labrinthodon. 



Phytotoma. Ra-ra : a S. American sparrow- 

 like bird; also called plant-cutter. 



Phytotomy, (f i-tot'6-mi). [Gk. phyton, plant; 

 tome, section.] Anatomy of plants, c/. 

 Zootomy. 



Fhytozoa, (fi-to-z5'a). [Gk. phyton, plant; 

 zoon, animal.] Plant-animals: a name given 

 to Infusoria, &c., on the supposition that 

 they partake of both animal and vegetable 

 natures. 



Pia-mater, (pi'a-ma'ter). [L. pius, soft; mater, 



