SABTDAL 



294 



SARDINE 



=Talitrus locusta: 

 a crustacean. S. 

 martin=Cotile ri- 

 paria: bores holes in 

 sand rock. S. piper 

 =Tringa. S. shot: 

 small balls, from 1 J 

 oz. to 4 Ibs. ; named 

 from being at one 



Sand-piper. 



time cast in sand-moulds. S. stars, v. Ophi- 

 uridae. S. tubes, v. Fulgurites. S. worm= 

 Nereis versicolor, belongs to Errantia. 



Sandal, (san'dal). (The Arabic name.] S. 

 wood: of Santalum album. Red S.=Ptero- 

 carpus santalinus. 



Sandarach, (san'da-rak). S. tree = Callitris 

 quadrivalvis, yielding a resin called sanda- 

 rach. 



Sandsmelt=Atlierina presbyter, q.v. 



Sandstone. An aggregation of grains of sand. 

 Pebbly S.=Puddingstone. New Red S.= 

 Trias, q.v. Old Red S.=Devonian, q.v. 



Sanguiferous system, (sang-gwif er-ous). [L. 

 sanguis, blood ; fero, 1 bear.]" Includes 

 heart, ventricles, aorta, <tc ; the system of 

 vessels adapted to the circulation of the 

 blood. 



Sanguisorba, (sang-gwis-or'ba) = Burnet : a 

 plant belonging to Sanguisorbaceae ; also 

 called Poterium. 



Sanguisorbacese, (sang-gwis-or-ba'se-e). [San- 

 guisorba, q.v.] = Sanguisorbs : herbs and 

 shrubs, with small apetalous flowers, be- 

 longing to llosales. 



Sanicle, (san'i-kl). [L. sano, I heal.] = Sani- 

 cula: an herb belonging to Apiaceae. 



Santalaceae, (san-ta-la'se-C). [Santalum, q.v.] 

 =Sandalwork: shrubs and trees, with small 

 apetalous flowers, belonging to Asarales. 



Santalum, (san'ta-lum). A tree with fragrant 

 wood, the type of Santalaceae. S. album= 

 Sandal-wood. 



Santonin, (san'to-nin). [Gk. santonion, worm- 

 wood.] A crystalline substance obtained 

 from wormwood. 



Sap, (sap). [The A.-S. word.] 1. In fortifi- 

 cation, a method of digging trenches by 

 placing baskets full of earth in front of the 

 men. 2. The fluid which plants absorb from 

 the earth, corresponding somewhat to the 

 blood of animals. Milky S. : a sign of caout- 

 chouc. S. 6ao=Polyporei: fungi belonging 

 to Hymenomycetes. 



Sapajous, (sap'a-jo). [Saguassa, the Brazilian 

 name.] = Cebus: an arboreal monkey of 

 N. America having a long tail; mild and 

 lively in manner. Brown S. = Capuchin 

 monkey. 



Sapan-wood, (sa-pan'). [A corruption of the 

 Brazilian name.] A dye-wood. 



Saphirine, (safi-rin). [Sapphire, q.v.] A blue 

 variety of spinel, q.v. 



Sapindacese, (sap-in-da'se-e). [Sapindus, 3.1?.] 

 =Soap-worts: horse-chestnuts, &c. ; trees, 

 shrubs, and herbs, often poisonous, with 

 small irregular flowers, belonging to Sapin- 

 dales; also called ^Esculaceaj and Hippocas- 

 tanese. 



Sapindales, (sap-in-da'lez). Plants with moiio- 



dichlamydeous flowers, forming a division of 

 Hypogynous Exogens. 



Sapindus, (sap-in'dus). [Sapo Tndicv.s, Indian 

 soap.] A tropical plant, the type of Sapiri- 

 dacese; named from the berries being used as 

 soap. 



Saponaria, (sap-o-na'ri-a). [L. sapo, soap.]= 

 Soap-wort: an herb belonging to Caryophyl- 

 lacese. named from the leaves being used as 

 soap; also called Fuller's herb. 



Saponic acid, (sap'o-uik). [Saponin, q.v.]= 

 Esculic acid: obtained from sapouiu; also 

 called Polygalic acid. 



Sapomfication, (sap-on-if-i-ka'shun). [L. sapo, 

 soap; facio, I make.] Conversion into soap. 

 v. Soap. 



Saponin, (sap'6-nin). [Saponaria, <?.v.]= 

 CsoHs^ig: a glucoside substance obtained 

 from the soap plant Saponaria. 



Saponite, (sap'6-nit). [L. sapo, soap.]= 

 Steatite, q.v. : a mineral, chiefly siliuito of 

 magnesia. 



Sapota, (sap'o-ta). [L. sapo, soap.] A plant 

 belonging to Sapotacese. -S. 3/ue^eri=Bully 

 tree. 



Sapotaceae, ( sap-o-ta'se-e ). [Sapota, q.v.]= 

 Sapotad.s: shrubs and trees, chiefly tropical, 

 often milky, with monopetalous flowers, be- 

 longing to Rhamnales. 



Sappan-wood. r. fSapan-wood. 



Sapphire, (safflr). [Sapphirus, the Latin 

 name.] A transparent variety of corundum, 

 or native alumina, usually blue, a rare gem. 



Sap-wood=Alburnnm, q.v. 



Saracenic, (sar-a-sen ik)=Arabic. S. architec- 

 ture Arabian architecture, q.v. 



Sarcocollads, ( sar-kd-kol'ladz ). [Gk. aarx, 

 flesh: kolla, glue.]=Penseaceae, q.v. 



Sarcodaria, (sar-ko-da'ri-a). [Gk. sarx, flesh.] 

 Used by Milne-Edwards for Infusoria and 

 Sponges. 



Sarcode, (sarTiod). [Gk. sarx, flesh; Jtorfox, 

 way.] Gelatinous substances, approxiinating 

 to flesh, forming the body in Protozoa and 

 Infusoria = Rudimental flesh : a variety of 

 muscular tissue, q.v. 



Sarcocephalus, (.sar-ko-sefa-lus). [Gk. sarx, 

 flesh; kephale, head.] S. csculcntus=Gumeiii 

 peach. 



Sarcolemma, ( sar-ko-lem'ma ). [Gk. sa.rx, 

 flesh; lemma, skin.] A tough, elastic mem- 

 brane, acting as a sheath or covering to the 

 muscles. 



Sarcophaga, (sar-kofa-ga). [Gk. sarx, flesh; 

 phago, I eat.]=Sarcophile: carnivorous Mar- 

 supialia ; also used generally for any flesh- 

 eating animals. 



Sarcorhamphus, (sar-ko-ram'pus). [Gk. sarx, 

 flesh.] A vulture-like bird. S. papa=Kii\s 

 vulture. 



Sarcosine, ( sar-ko'sln ). [Gk. sarx, flesh. ]= 

 CsHyNOo: a crystalline alkaloid substance 

 found in kreatine. 



Sarcostemma, (sar-ko-stem'ma). [Gk. sarx, 

 flesh ; stemma, crown.] A plant belonging 

 to Asclepiadaceaa. S. ^iIaMCWHi=Ipecacuaiiha 

 of Venezuela. 



Sardine, (sar'den). [Sardinia.] A small her- 

 ring-like fish:= Young pilchards. 



