SPONGIOLES 



311 



ST. CUTHBERT'S BEADS 



SpoonbilL 



Common fresh-water sponge: the type of 

 Spongida, q.v. 



Spongioles, (spun'ji-51z). [Sponge, q.v.] The 

 extremities of the fibres of a plant-root. 



Spongy, (spun^i). [Sponge, q.v.] S. pla- 

 tinum: platinum in a soft porous state, 

 occurring in the course of its extraction from 

 the ore. 



Spontaneous, ( spon-ta'ne-us JL [L. sponte, 

 voluntarily.] S. combustion: as of phospho- 

 rus in sunlight, when no artificial heat is 

 applied. S. generation = Archebiosis and 

 Heterogenesis, q.v. 



Spoon. S. 6iM=PJatalea leucorodia, q.v. 



Spoor, (spoor). [Spor, 

 the Dutch word.] = 

 Tracks, as of game. 



Sporadic, (spo-rad'ik). 

 [Gk. sporadikos, scat- 

 tered.] Scattered ; oc- 

 curring in only a few 

 instances, or places. 



Sporangia, (spo-rau' 

 ji-a). [Gk. spora, 

 seed; aggos, vessel.] 

 Spore-cases: on tip 

 of fine threads, in 

 Physomycetes; found 

 fossil in coal. 



Sporangium, (spo-ran'ji-um ). [Gk. spora, 

 seed ; aggos, vessel. ] Singular of sporan- 

 gia, q.v. 



Spores, (sporz). [Gk. spora, seed.] Naked 

 embryos: reproductive bodies of fungi: germ 

 cells wot produced in cysts, r.f. Sporidia. 



Sporidia, (spo-rid'i-a). [Gk. spora, seed; eidos, 

 form.] Reproductive bodies in fungi : germ 

 cells produced in cells or cysts, c/. Spores. 



Sporophores, (sp5'r6-fdrz). [Gk. spora, seed; 

 phoreo, I bear.]=Basidia : stalks supporting 

 spores, in ferns. 



Sporting plants. Those which produce a bud 

 of a character different from the other buds. 



Sporules. (spo'rulz). [Spore, g.i;.]=Spores, q.v. 



Sprat, (sprat). [Sprot, the O. E. name.]= 

 Clupea, sprattus : a small fish belonging to 

 ClupekUw. 



Sprengel's air pump, by which the air, dif- 

 fused through a barometer tube, down which 

 mercury drops at intervals, is carried out 

 by the descending mercury, until a vacuum 

 is produced. 



Spring. 1. The earliest of the four Seasons, 

 q. v. 2. Rain water, which having percolated 

 some of the earth's 

 strata, conies again 

 to the surface, at 

 some lower point. 

 3. An elastic sub- 

 stance or body, used 

 as a mechanical 

 agent. Minerals.; 

 spring -water im- 

 pregnated with 

 mineral matter. 

 S.-bok = Antidorcaa 

 melampus : a S. 

 African antelope. 

 S. Odes, v. Tides. 



Spring-bok. 





Spur-wheel. 



Spruce fir, (sproos). [The O. E. name.] A 

 tree belonging to Abies, q.v. 



Spurge, (sperj). [Epurge, the French name.] 

 = Euphorbia, q.v. S. hawk-moth = Deile- 

 phyla euphorbia. S. laure J=Daphne laureola. 

 <S.-wor(s=Euphorbiacea;. 



Spur-valerian = Ceutranthus : an herb be- 

 longing to Valerianacese. 



Spur-wheel. A wheel having teeth project- 

 ing radially from the cir- 

 cumference. 



Spurry=:Spergula, q.v. Knot- 

 ted S. = Sagina nodosa. 

 Sandwort S.=Spergularia. 



Squalidae, ( skwa ' li - dC ). 

 [Squalus, q.v. ; Gk. eidos, 

 form. J= Sharks: a family of 

 fishes belonging to Elasmobranchia. 



Squalus, (skwa'lus). [The Latin name.J= 

 The typical genus of Squalidse. 



Squama, (skwa'ma). [L. squama, fish scale.] 

 A general term for any scale-like process in 

 a plant or animal. 



Squamifora, (skwa-mif'e-ra). [Squama, q.v.; 

 Jero, I bear.] De Blainville's term for 

 reptiles. 



Squamosal, (skwa-mo'sal). [L. squama, scale.] 

 A membraneous part of the temporal bone, 

 overlapping the parietal bone. S. suture: 

 by overlapping of bevelled margins. 



Square, (skwar). 1. A figure formed by four 

 equal straight lines, all the 

 angles being right angles. 2. A 

 carpenter's tool, for drawing 

 lines at right angles to others. 

 3. The product of a number 

 multiplied by itself = 2nd 

 power. S. root; the number 

 which when multiplied by Square 

 itself becomes any giveii num- (carpenter's), 

 ber, is the square root of that number: 5 is 

 the square root of 26; written 5=/25. S. 

 <ern=Transom stern. 



Squaring the circle. The determination of 

 the relation between the area of a circle and 

 its diameter: a problem apparently incap- 

 able of exact solution. 



Squids, (skwidz)=Teuthidse, q.v. 



Squinancy, !(skwin'an-si). [F. esquinancie. 

 8. wor<=Asperula cynanchica. 



Squill, (skwil). [Scuilla, the Latin name. 

 =Scilla, q.v. 



Squill*, (skwine). [Scuilla, the Latin name. 

 Animals belonging to Stomapoda. 



Squinting, (skwin'ting=Strabi8inus, q.v. 



Squirrel, (skwir'rel). [Gk. skia, shade; ouf(t t 

 tail. ] = Sciurus : a 

 small gnawing ani- 

 mal, belonging to Ro- 

 dentia; builds nest 

 in trees; named from 

 its bushy tail. S. 

 monkey=Sa.imiri : in- 

 sectivorous = Chryso- 

 thrix. 



St. Anthony's fire. A 

 name for erysipelas. 



St. Cuthbert's beads. Squirrel.' 



Separate joints of the stem of Encrinites. 



