TOLUYLIA 



TOTIPALMES 



Toluylia, (tol-u-il'i-a). [Toluol, o.v.]=C 7 HN 

 =ToJuidine: a fusible crystalline solid, one 

 of the aniline bases. 

 Tolyl= Benzyl, q.v. 



Tomatoes, (to-ma'toz). Fruit of Solanum 

 lycopersicum; also called Love-apples. 

 Tomentose, (to-men'tos). [L. tomentum, stuff- 

 ing of a cushion.] Downy: covered with 

 hairs. 



Ton, (tun). [L. tonna, large cask.] 1=20 

 hundredweight=2240 Ibs. avoirdupoise. 2. A 

 measurement of the capacity of a vessel for 

 cargo=40 cubic feet. 



Tone, (ton). [Gk. tonot, a sound.] The inter- 

 val between one musical note and the next 

 above or below it. Harmonic T. t v. Har- 

 monic tones. Over T., v. Overtones. Semi- 

 T.=Half a tone; e.g., the interval between 

 B and C, and between and F. 



Tones. 1, v. Tone. 2. Colours mixed with 

 white. 



Tongue, (tung). [Tunge, the A.-8. word.] A 

 very sensitive muscular extensile body at 

 the base of the mouth in man: the chief 

 means of speech; used also for taste. In 

 some frogs fastened only to the front 

 of the mouth ; in some birds horny ; and 

 in some fishes covered with teeth. Ox T. 

 =Helminthia, Snakt't T. = Ophioglos- 

 sum. 



Tonic, (ton'ik). (Tonikoi, the Greek word.] 

 1.= Key-note: the chief note of a musical 

 scale. 2. A medicine which strengthens. 



Tonka bean=Tonquin bean, q.v. 



Tonquin bean=Dipterixodorata=Coumarotua 

 odorata. 



Tonsils, (ton'silzX [Tontillff, the Latin word.] 

 Two glands at the back of the mouth, near 

 the fauces. 



Tooth, (tooth). [Todh, the A.-S. word.] 

 Singular of teeth, 7.1?. T. wort: Lathraa, q.v. 



Top. T. shells=Tnrbimdx, q.v. 



Topaz, (td'naz). [Topasnn, a Red Sea island.] 

 A mineral substance, chiefly silicate of alu- 

 mina, crystallising in rhombs. Blue T.= 

 Brazilian sapphire. Crimson T. = Topaza 

 pella: a humming bird. False T.rzCitrine, 

 q. v. T. group of minerals : includes to- 

 paz, andalusite, beryl, tourmaline, and 

 olivine. 



Topography, (tS-pog'ra-fi). [6k. topos, place; 

 lire filio, 1 write.] Description of places, such 

 as towns, villages, castles, Ac., as distinct 

 from geography, q.v. 



Toque =Macacus: a monkey named from hay- 

 ing a cap of hair. 



Tor, (tor). [The A.-S. word.] A local west 

 of England term for a large block of rock 

 which has assumed some special shape owing 

 to the action of the weather. 



Tordylium, ( tor-dil'i-um ). [Tordylion, the 

 Greek name.]=Hart-wort: a plant belonging 

 to Apiaceae. 



Torilis, (to-rllis). Hedge-parsley: a plant be- 

 longing to Apiacere. 



Tornado, (tor-na'do). [Sp. tornada, return.] 

 A whirlwind of short duration, and usually 

 covering only a limited area. 



Torpedo, (tor-pe'do). 1. An apparatus for ex- 



Twnk. 



ploding under water. 



2.=Raia torpedo: a* 



fish belonging to Raii- 



d, which has the; 



property of giving! 



electric shocks. i 



Torricelli's experiment, '<* 



(tor-ri-chel'liz). [Prof. 



Torricelli.] The in- Torpedo. OP Cnunp-flsh. 



version in mercury of a tube filled with im-r- 



cury, when the column of mercury falls until 



its weight is equal to the pressure of thy 



air without. 

 Torricellian vacuum, (tor-ri-cheni-an). [Prof. 



Torricelli.] The vacuum in the upper part 



of the tube, when the above experiment id 



tried: partially filled with the vapour of 



mercury. 

 Torrid, (tor'rid). [L. torridns, dried up.] Hot: 



parched. T. zone: between the tropics, v. 



y. mm, 



Torsion, (taur'shun). [L. torqueo, I twist.] 

 Force of twisting. T. balance: used to measure 

 the intensity of magnetic, electric, <tc., at- 

 tractions and repulsions; e.g., a magnetised 

 needle is moved by twisting its suspending 

 thread to the right or left, and the amount of 

 torsion required is 

 the measure of the 

 intensity of the at- 

 traction or repul- 

 sion to be overcome. 



Torsk, (taursk)=' 

 Brosmius:acod-like 

 fish belonging to G ' 



TortoUe, (tortis). [L. torlui, twisted. ]=Tes- 

 tudo: an animal be- 

 longing to Chelonia, 

 q.v. Box 2 T .=Tes- 

 tudo Carolina. Mud 

 T. = Kinosternon 

 Pennsylvanicum. 

 Lettered T. = Emys 

 scripta. T.encrinite TortolM. 



= Marsupites: crinoidea found in chalk. 



Tortoises. Land T.: Testudinida;. MudT.= 

 Soft 7 T .=Trionycidse: carnivorous fresh-water 

 tortoise* 



Tortoise-shell. Horny plates: modifications 

 of skin in tortoises. T. butterfly= Vanessa. 



Tortrix, (tAur'triks). 1 A snake having rudi- 

 mentary hind limbs, the type of the family 

 Tortricidse, 2. A moth, of which the hazel 

 moth and oak moth are examples. 



Torula, (tor'u-la). [L. torulus, a small twisted 

 fillet.] A microscopic fungus causing mouldi- 

 ness, belonging to Coniomycetes. T. casei= 

 Cheese mould. 



Torvulse=Mycoderma, q.v. 



Torus, (to'rus). (L. torus, swelling.] 1. Re- 

 ceptacle, q.v. 2. A moulding. 



Total. T. reflection: an example of refraction, 

 when the ray is refracted back again through 

 the same medium, v. Critical angle. 



Totipalmes, ( to-ti-pam'Cz ). [ L. totus, all: 

 palma, palm of hand.] A general term for 

 birds whose toes are all connected by a mem- 

 brane: includes cormorants, pelicans, <fcc., 

 and forms a sub-division of Natatores. 



