TOUCAN 



329 



TRANSPARENT 



Toucan, (toolcan). [The Spanish name.]= 

 Rhamphastus : a 

 bird, with very large 

 beak, belonging to 

 Scansores. 



Toucana, ( too-k a'n a). 

 [Latin form of Tou- 

 can, q.v. ] = The 

 American Goose: a 

 small constellation 

 near the south pole, 

 of which Achernar Toucan, 



is the chief star. 



Touch, (tuch). [Toucher, the French word.] 

 Sensation of contact, of which the skin is the 

 chief organ. T. animals, v. Oken. T. paper: 

 which burns slowly from being dipped in a 

 solution of nitre. 



Touch-me-not=Impatiens noli-me-tangere; a 

 sensitive plant. 



Touracou, (too-raTco). = Plaintain eater: an 

 African bird whose red feathers give to water 

 a rose colour. 



Tourmaline, (tor'raa-llu). [Tournamal, the 

 Cingalese name.) A mineral of the topaz 

 group, chiefly a silicate of alumina, iron, <fcc. : 

 when pure brilliantly transparent; it absorbs 

 the ordinary ray of a doubly-refracted ray of 

 light. Black T.=Sc\wr\. -BJueT^Indicolite. 



Tournefourt's classification of plants (1684). 

 According to the Corolla. 

 Apetalous. 



Apetalae proper. 

 Amentaceae. 

 Petalous. 



Monopetalous. 

 Polypetalous. 



Tourniquet, (toor'ni-ket). [The French name.] 

 A bandage applied to prevent the flow of 

 blood through an artery, as in surgical opera- 

 tions. Jfi/ilraulic T.,v. Hydraulic tourniquet. 



Tow,(to). [The A. -S. word.] Coarse hemp or flax. 



Toxodon, (toks'6-don). [Gk. toxon, bow; odous, 

 tooth.] An animal, known only by fossil 

 rem.iins, supposed to connect Rodentia with 

 Paohydermata and Cetacea by possessing 

 some of the characteristics of each; the type 

 of Toxodontia. 



Toxodontia, (toks-o-don'shi-a). [Toxodon, 7.1;.] 

 Large fossil ungulate animals, known by fossil 

 remains found in Pliocene rocks. 



Toxotes, (toks'o-tcz). [Gk. toxon, bow.] = 

 Archer-fish, q.v. 



Trabeculae, ( tra-bek'u-le ). [ L. trabecula, 

 small beam.] Cartilaginous bars in the skull, 

 when in the embryo condition, enclosing the 

 "Turkish saddle." 



Tracery, (tra'ser-i). Ornamental work in the 

 head of a Gothic window, door, panel, &c. 



Trachea, (trak'e-a). [Gk. trachea, windpipe.] 

 =Windpipe=Air tube; in higher animals the 

 tube leading to the lungs; in insects the tubes 

 conveying air throughout the body. 



Tracheal animals. Oken's term for insects. 



Trachearia, ( tnik-e-a'ri-a ). [ Gk. trachea, 

 windpipe.] A primary division of Arachnida, 

 including mites, ticks, &c., which respire 

 generally by means of tracheae. 



Tracheata, (trak-e-a ta). [Gk. trachea, wind- 



pipe.] A sub-division of Arthropoda, includ- 



ing Insects, Myriapoda, and Arachnida. 

 Tracheotomy, (trak-e-ot'om-i). [Trachea, q.v.; 



Gk. tome, cutting.] In surgery a cutting 



into the trachea. 

 Trachymedusaj, ( trak-i-me-du'se ). [ Gk. 



trachyi, rough; Medusa, q.v.] A sub-division 



of Hydrozoa, q.v. 

 Trachyte, (tra^kit). [Gk. trachys, rough.] A 



coarse volcanic rock, chiefly felspar, less com- 



pact than porphyry. 

 Trachypterus, (trak-ip'ter-us). [Gk. trachys, 



rough; pfmm.fin.] T.bogmarus=Deal fish, q.v. 

 Trachytic rocks, (tra-kit'ik). [Trachyte, q.v.] 



A division of trappean or volcanic rocks, 



somewhat resembling granite, compound 



chiefly of silica. 

 Track=Spoor. T. discovered animato=Lith- 



ichnozoa, q.v. 

 Trade-winds. Constant winds, always blowing 



in the same direction. North T. W. between 



9" and 30 in Atlantic; between 9 and 26 U in 



Pacific. South T. W. between 4 and 22 in 



Atlantic; between 4 and 23 in Pacific. 

 Tragacanth, (trag'a-kanth). [Gk. tragos, goat; 



akuntha, thorn.] A gum obtained from the 



plant astragalus; also called Gum-dragou 



and Bassorin. 

 Tragopogon, (tra-go-po'gon). [Gk. tragos, goat; 



pofjon, beard.]=Goat's beard: a milky herb 



belonging to Cichoraceae. T. porrifolius= 



Salsify. 

 Tragulidae, (trag-u'li-de). [Gk. tragos, goat.] 



Extinct hornless mammalians. 

 Trammel, (tram'ml). [F. trois, three; mailles, 



meshes.] A loose net of small meshes be- 



tween two tighter nets of large meshes. 

 Tram-weavers=Labyrinthulae, q.v. 

 Transcalent, (trans-ku'lent). [L. trans, across; 



calor, heat.]=Diathermic: allowing the pas- 



sage of heat. 

 Transcendental. A term used in mathematics 



to describe problems, for the solution of 



which the ordinary methods of calculation 



are inapplicable. 



The passage of an inferior planet across the 



disc of the sun, when in inferior conjunction : 



observed especially with a view to the mea- 



surement of the distance of the sun from the 



earth. T. instrument: an apparatus used for 



the observation of transits. 

 Transition. T. rocks: those connecting Pri- 



mary and Secondary. Below Carboniferous 



and Old Red Sandstone: also called Grau- 



wacke and Silurian. 

 Translucent, (trans-lu'sent). [L, trans, across; 



luceo, I shine.] Permitting the passage of 



light, but not of optical images, as with oiled 



paper and ground glass. 

 Transoms, (tran'somz). [L. transenna, a rope.] 



Cross - pieces: horizontal 



bars in a window, at a 



ship's stern, &c. T. stern 



=Square stern, 

 Transparent=Diaphanous: 



allowing light to pass 



through, so that the form 



of objects can be discerned. , a, a, Transoms. 



