l8 FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 



MoUusca Of the five classes commonly recognized, three 



which are relatively small are not represented in 

 fresh water. Two main classes Lamellibranchia 

 (bivalves) and Gastropoda (univalves) common in 

 fresh waters, widely distributed. 



See Chapter XXIX, page 957. 

 Chordata Three of the four sub-phyla are exclusively 



marine in distribution; but the fourth, the Verte- 

 brata, which is also the largest and best known, 

 plays an important part in the fresh-water fauna. 

 No attempt has been made to give a synopsis of 

 fresh-water vertebrates. 



For a discussion of biological relations of the 



Vertebrata to aquatic existence see Chapter 



XXX, page 102 1. 



IMPORTANT GENERAL REFERENCES 



The literature on the subject is so extensive that only the most important 

 and essential items are listed below. Many general papers of marked value 

 had to be omitted for lack of space. All contributions bearing on a special 

 phase of the subject have been listed at the end of the chapter on that topic. 

 Longer bibliographies appear in Steuer, Wesenberg-Lund, Needham, and others. 

 In general only the latest or most general paper of a given author is listed here. 



Antipa, Gr. 191 2. Das Ueberschwemmungsgebiet der unteren Donau. 



Bukarest. 496 pp., 3 charts, 23 pi. 

 Apstein, C. 1896. Das Siisswasserplankton. Methode und Resultate der 



quantitativen Untersuchungen. Kiel und Leipzig. 200 pp., 5 pi. 

 Banta, a. M. 1907. The Fauna of Mayfield's Cave. Carnegie Inst., 



Washn., Pub. 67; 114 pp. 

 BiRGE, E. A. 1895-6. Plankton Studies on Lake Mendota. I, II. 



Trans. Wis. Acad., 10: 421-484, 4 pL; 11: 274-448, 28 pi. 

 BiRGE, E. A. and Juday, C. 1911-14. The Inland Lakes of Wisconsin. 



Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., 22, 27. 

 1914. A Limnological Study of the Finger Lakes of New York. Bull. U. S. 



Bur. Fish., 23: 525-609. 

 Blochmann, F. 1895. Die mikroskopische Tierwelt des Siisswassers. Ham- 

 burg. 2 Aufl. 

 Brauer, a. 1909. Die Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands. Jena. (19 parts 



by 32 authors.) 

 Ekman, S. 1915. Die Bodenfauna des Vattern quaHtativ und quantitativ 



untersucht. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol., 7: 146-204, 275-425, 8 pi. 



