PARASITIC ROUNDWORMS 533 



68 (56) Meromyaria. Small transparent forms 6^ 



For discussion of term Meromyaria sec page 515. 



Lips simple, inconspicuous. Vulva anterior. Caudal end of female distinctly clorujale 

 separated from Ascands by some authors. ' wunRaic. 



69 (70) Without esophageal or intestinal cecum. 



Family OxvuRroAE Coblx)ld 1864. 



The few North American records cannot be safely assijmed on the basis of the pn-vnt div 

 tmction between this family and the next. Consequently they are left where they were olacrd 

 originally. ' 



Among forms recorded from North America which cannot be placed at present owing to 

 imperfect knowledge of their structure are: 



Oxyuris dubia Leidy 1856 reported from Bufo americanus and SaJamatuIra rubra. .Male 

 unknown. 



North American genus Spironouni U-idy 1856. 



Mouth surrounded by circular, papillated lip. Tail of male spiral, acute. tulxTcubtc. 

 Spicules two, curved, ensiform, costate. Tail of female conical, acute. Vdva at posterior 

 third. 



Type species Spironoura aracilc WuW \^s6. 



Female 16 by 0.25 mm.; male 8 by 0.25 mm. with two rows of three papillae on tail. Found 

 in stomach of Emys serrata and Siredon mexicanus. 



Also recorded Spironoiira affiiic Lcidy 1858. 



Female 9 by 0.4 mm.; male 6 by 0.3 mm., with two papillae on each side of tail near end. 

 Foimd in cecum of Cistudo Carolina. 



70 (69) With cecum on esophagus or intestine, or on both. 



Family Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry 1915 . . 71 



71 (74) With papillae on tail of male and with ceca on both esophagus and 



intestine Co»/racoec«w Railliet and Henry 191 2. 



72 (73) Without circle of spines on tail. 



Contracoeciim spicidigcnim (Rudolphi) i8oq. 



Male 18 to qo mm., female .^o to 154 mm. 

 long. Lipssinall; interlabia well dcvel»»pcd 

 with a small notch at outer margin. Intes- 

 tine with diverticulum at anterior end. Tail 

 of male with 7 postanal pajiillae many ( ± 40) 

 ^^\\%J^ lyyy preanals in 2 lateral series. Spicules very 



long, usually well extended, and recur\'«i. 

 V^ulva anterior. Ova irregularly reticulate 

 0.1 1 to 0.12 mm. long. 



Reported by Leidy in iS5r>. 1SS2. and i8<>8 

 ^ „ ^ . ,. » . J from the stomach of ct)rmorant. white and 



Fig. 82g Contracoecum spiculigerum Anterior end j pelicans, and water turkev, \l,r^A., 



and tail of male. Magnified. (After Stossich.) t n k ta 



73 (72) With circle of spines on tail. 



Contracoecum adunca (Rudolj^hi) 1809. 



Male 30 to 31 mm., female .^o to 65 mm. long. Weak lateral 

 cuticular membranes. Linstow says interlabia are present. hM.ph- 

 agus with cecum extending posteriad o.h mm., and intestme with 

 similar extension 0.41 mm. anteriad. Tail of male sh..rt. conical 

 coiled; 27 preanal papillae in simple series, and 3 postanals. I ip ol 

 tail ringed with tine spines. Spicules long (1.92 mm.). c«jual, some- 

 what enlarged at proximal end. , , . « 1 • 

 In intestine and pyloric appendages of shad I ^"^V"^-'"'** 

 Fig. 830. Coniraoecum Maine Probably of marine origin though taken from tish m ircsn 

 adunca. Dorsal view of „„f_-. ' 

 upper lip. Magnified. (After wai:er. 

 von Linstow.) 



