ANTICIPATION AND INTERPRETATION 15 



of Evolution. Of this period were Thales, Anaxi- 

 mander, Anaximenes, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, 

 Empedocles, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Aris- 

 totle, Epicurus, Lucretius, Gregory, Augustine, 

 Bruno, Avempace, Abubacer. 



Modern Evolution: The Interpretation of Nature 



I. 1600-1800 A.D. 



Philo.tophical Evolution 



Emancipation of botany and zoology from 

 Greek traditions. 



The beginnings of Modern Evolution as part 

 of a natural order of the universe. Suggestions 

 of inductive Evolution, as based upon the trans- 

 formation and filiation of species, by the natural 

 philosophers. Bacon, Descartes, Leibnitz, Hume, 

 Kant, Lessing, Herder, Schelling. 



Revival of Greek Evolution ideas in specula- 

 tive form by such speculative philosophical writ- 

 ers and naturalists as Maupertuis, Diderot, De 

 Maillet, Robinet, Bonnet, Oken. 



II. 1730-1850 A.D. 



Inductive Evolution: Buff on to Geoff roy St. Hilaire and 

 Naudin 



Rapid extension of zoology, botany and pale- 

 ontology. Rise and decline of inductive Evolu- 

 tion. Scattered observation and speculation upon 

 the filiation and transformation of species. 



Linnseus, Buffon, E. Darwin, Lamarck, 



