60 FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN 



natural explanation of Nature known as Teleol- 

 ogy in the sense of dualism. 



Anaxagoras was also the first to trace the 

 origin of animals and plants to pre-existing 

 germs in the air and ether. That the idea of De- 

 sign was developed in his mind only to a very 

 limited extent is shown in his history of the uni- 

 verse. All things existed, in some form, from the 

 beginning. There were the germs, seeds, or minia- 

 tures of plants, animals, and minerals inter- 

 mingled in the mass of matter. These germs had 

 to be separated from the mass and arranged un- 

 der the direction of mind or reason. The original 

 chaos was heated; it divided into cold mist and 

 warm ether. Water, earth, and minerals were 

 formed from the former. The germs of plants 

 were floating in the air; then they were carried 

 down by the rains, and produced vegetation. The 

 germs of animals, including those of man, were 

 in the ether; they were fructified by the warm 

 and moist terrestrial shme. In regard to Anaxag- 

 oras' conception of adaptations as due to intel- 

 ligent design in Nature, Zeller says : 



The question whether the purposefulness of the 

 tendencies of Nature INatureinrichtung] could be 

 explained without a purposeful working natural 

 force — this question could not be raised until men 

 had observed adaptation in Nature and had begun 

 to attribute it to Intelligent Design. No one, accord- 



