THE EVOLUTION IDEA 127 



fitted to utter any sort of sound, he says that the 

 parrot lacks perception and memory equal and 

 akin to man's; he touches upon the instincts of 

 the parrot and opposes the idea that they are 

 altogether different from the intelligence of man ; 

 then he passes on to say that the lower animals 

 are directed by an unerring intelligence, yet that 

 this is not identical with the efficient universal in- 

 telligence which directs and causes all to under- 

 stand. Thus, "above all animals there is an active 

 sense; that is, one which causes all different sen- 

 sations, and by which all are actually sensitive; 

 and one active intellect, the one, that is, which 

 causes all different understanding and by which 

 all are actively intelligent." He goes on to say 

 that out of the same corporeal material are made 

 all bodies, and then occurs the following para- 

 graph : "I add this — 'that through diverse causes, 

 habits, orders, measures, and numbers of body 

 and spirit, there are diverse temperaments and 

 natures, different organs are produced, and dif- 

 ferent genera of things appear.' " 



Francisco Suarez was almost the last emi- 

 nent representative of Scholasticism. Mivart, in 

 his Genesis of Species, places him, among the 

 post-mediaeval theologians of high authority, as 

 one "who has a separate section in opposition to 

 those who maintain the distinct creation of the 



