THE EVOLUTION IDEA 147 



tion, environment, and inheritance, which are at- 

 tributed to him as original by Haeckel, are also 

 found in the works of Euffon. Buffon's most 

 extreme views were expressed between 1760 and 

 1770, while Kant's extreme views were expressed 

 between 1757 and 1771. 



We owe to Schultze a very full exposition of 

 all the passages in the writings of the great Ko- 

 nigsberg philosopher which bear upon the evolu- 

 tion theor^^ In his earlier years Kant published 

 a work (1755), entitled Universal Natural His- 

 tory and Theory of the Heavens, embracing an 

 attempt to reconcile ^^ewton and Leibnitz, or Na- 

 ture from the mechanical and teleological stand- 

 points. At this time he was attracted by the 

 mechanism of Lucretius. Haeckel points out that 

 in this work Kant took a very advanced position 

 as to the domain of natural causation, or, as 

 Haeckel terms it, 'mechanism in the domain of 

 life,' while in his later work (1790) , his Criticism 

 of the Teleological Faculty of Judgment^ he 

 took a much more conservative position. In the 

 former, he considers all Nature under the domain 

 of natural causes, while in the latter he divides 

 Nature into the 'inorganic,' in which natural 

 causes prevail, and the 'organic,' in which the ac- 

 tive teleological principle prevails. There was, 

 therefore, in Kant's later work a cleft between 

 primeval matter and the domain of life; for in 



