DARWIN 



The Evolution Theory during the First Half of the 

 Nineteenth Century — The Embryologists : Meckel, von 

 Baer, Serres — The Followers of Buff on: Herbert, von 

 Buch, Haldeman, Spencer — The Progressionists: Cham- 

 bers, Owen — The Selectionists: Wells, Matthew, Wallace 

 — State of Opinion in the Mid-Century — Charles Darwin — 

 Darwin and Wallace in 1858. 



WITH Bory de St. Vincent, the younger 

 St. Hilaire and Naudin, the original evo- 

 lutionary movement among the naturalists of 

 France, which had begun with Buifon and ex- 

 tended over nearly a hundred years, came to a 

 close. 



In the meantime, from the early part of the 

 nineteenth century, the seed sown in France and 

 Germany had been scattering. In England, on 

 the Continent, and in America, the evolution idea 

 found here and there a friend who passingly re- 

 stated, or slightly expanded, views already ex- 

 pressed by Buff on, Lamarck, Goethe, or Trevi- 

 ranus. Some original ideas also sprang up in out 

 of the way quarters and have been unearthed 

 from their hiding-places since the theory has been 

 established; we must place them, as it were, in 

 an alcove of this history, because they certainly 



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