DARWIN 307 



1836, Dujardin' in 1843, d'llalloy' in 1846. 

 ChevreuP and Godron,' in 1846 and 1847, ad- 

 vanced views somewhat similar to those of the 

 younger St. Hilaire. We note also the anatomist 

 Joseph Leidy in 1850, the botanist T. Unger in 

 1852, Cams and Schaaffhausen''' in 1853, Lecoq 

 in 1854.^ 



The eminent German botanist Sachs has shown 

 how the botanists Brown, Nageli, and Hofmeis- 

 ter were approaching the mutability theory. 



The Embryologists 



Let us first glance at the embryologists, who 

 developed the law of recapitulation of ances- 

 tral history in the embryonic and foetal stage 

 of all organisms. 



Meckel (1781-1833), t;o7i 5a^r (1792-1876), 

 Serres (1786-1868) 



Meckel follow^ed Wolff (1735-1794) in the 

 series of German founders of embryology. Wolff 

 had emphasized the transmutations of structure, 



^Ann. d. Sc. Nat., Se ser., t. IV, p. 279. 



^Bulletirm de VAcadimie Roy. Bruxelles, t. XIII, p. 581. 



^Consid^.rations Generates sur les Variations des Individus. 

 Mem. d. 1. Soc. Roy. et Centr. d'Agriculture, 1846, p. 287. 



4Z)e VEspece et des Races. Mem. d. 1. Societe d. Sciences de 

 Nancy, 1847, p. 182. Published as a separate book in 1859. 



^Verh. d. Naturh. Ver. d. Preus. Rhein, Ueber Bestdndigkeit 

 und Umwandlung der Arten, Bonn, 1853. 



^Etudes s. I. Geographie Botanique de VEurope, Paris, 1854, 

 p. 199. 



