346 FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN 



most generous order Wallace sent his freshly- 

 completed manuscript to Darwin. But for his 

 friends Hooker and Lyell, Darwin would even 

 then have held back his work; by their coopera- 

 tion, two modest papers appeared in the Journal 

 of the Linncean Society ^^ which had been read to 

 the Linnsean Society July 1, 1858. The first con- 

 sisted of Darwin's letter of 1857 to Asa Gray and 

 extracts from a manuscript^ sketched by Dar- 

 win in 1839 and copied in 1844, from the second 

 part, entitled "On the Variation of Organic Be- 

 ings in a State of Nature ; on the Natural Means 

 of Selection; on the Comparison of Domestic 

 Races and True Species." The second consisted 

 of the paper by Wallace, written in February, 

 1858, entitled "On the Tendency of Varieties to 

 depart indefinitely from the Original Type." 

 The line of thought in these two papers is closely 

 but not precisely parallel, as shown in these col- 

 umns: 



Darwin Waixace 



There is in Nature a struggle The life of wild animals is a 



for existence, as shown by Mai- struggle for existence ... in 



thus and De Candolle. which the weakest and least 



perfect must always succumb. 



Rapid multiplication, if un- Even the least prolific of ani- 



checked, even of slow-breeding mals would increase rapidly if 



animals like the elephant . . . unchecked. 



Great changes in the envi- A change in the environment 



ronment occur. may occur. 



iVol. Ill, no. 9, August 20, 1858, pp. 45-62. 

 ^This MS. "was never intended for publication, and therefore 

 was not written with care." 



