INDEX 



387 



Nature, 17-23, 30, 3i9; Leib- 

 nitz, 144; movements, 13-14, 

 303; modern, 131; nomencla- 

 ture, 20-3, 173, 231; of man, 

 63; of species, 188; of types, 

 195; periods, 14-10; poets, (53, 

 93, 202; renaissance, 9; Robi- 

 net, 162; saltatory, 201; sci- 

 entific interpretation, 23-7; 

 Spencer, 22; Treviranus, 284, 

 288; von Baer's law, 30-7. 

 See Plant Evolution. 



Experimental Science, Aris- 

 totle, 77; F. Bacon, 137-9; R. 

 Bacon, 114; da Vinci, 121. 



Extinction, of organs, 243; of 

 species, 289; of types, 250. 



Fathers and Schoolmen, 11, 108- 

 14; interpretation of Genesis, 

 100. 



Fecundity of Species. See Pop- 

 ulation. 



Filament, 352; E. Darwin, 209- 

 11. 



Filiation, 15, 22, 33, 180, 221; 

 Buffon, 201 ; Cuviers opposi- 

 tion, 279; defined, 23; Geof- 

 frey, 257, 203; Goethe, 274^5; 

 Lamarck, 24.5, 240, 297; Nau- 

 din, 297; St. Hilaire, 295. 

 See Descent, Embranchement, 

 Phylogeny. 



'Finality,' Naudin, 297-8. 



Fixity, of characters, 167, 

 (Bory, Naudin) 293; of spe- 

 cies, 20, 221, 278, (Agassiz) 

 281, 324, (Buffon) 190, 193, 

 (Cuvier) 278, (Darwin) 304, 

 (Goethe) 207, (Lamarck) 

 222, (Linnaeus) 187, 207. 



Force, Descartes, Leibnitz, 144. 



Form, Matter, 81, 80; Aris- 

 totle, 01, 78, 79, 80, 83, 124^5, 

 297, 317; Bruno, 124-5; Goe- 

 the, 274; Owen, 317. 



Fortuity, 83-4, 355; de Mauper- 

 tuis, 109-70; Democritus, 57, 



74; Empedocles, 52-3, 65, 74, 

 101, 338; in early Greece, 64- 

 6; problem in causation, 102. 



Fossils, biological study, 32; 

 early theories, 120, 103-4; 

 evidence, 279; studied by 

 Darwin, 331, da Vinci, 119- 

 20, de Maillet, 103, Trevira- 

 nus, 289, Xenophanes, 50. 



Fracastoro, palaeontologist, 120. 



Function(s), change of, 80; 

 Greek speculations, 67; or- 

 ganic life, 72; relation to 

 structure, 286. 



Galen, 33, 43, 45, 67, 90, 97; in- 

 termaxillary bone, 34. 



Generation, Buffon, 168; de 

 Maupertuis, 183; Diderot, 

 183; E. Darwin, 207-14; 

 Oken, 183; Robinet, 180, 183. 

 See Abiogenesis, Biogenesis, 

 Epigenesis, Pangenesis, Par- 

 thenogenesis, Perigenesis, 

 Syngenesis. 



Genesis, 27, 105, 193; inter- 

 pretation, 106, 107, 112, (Au- 

 gustine) 11, (Bonnet) 177, 

 (de Maillet) 166, 107, (Lin- 

 naeus) 187, (Suarez) 11. 



Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 13, 15, 10, 

 33, 155, 191, 224, 227, 241, 251, 

 253, 254-6, 260, 209, 273, 278, 

 282, 280, 314, 335, 342; anat- 

 omist (philosophical) 258,354, 

 (transcendental) 310; Buf- 

 fonian, 257, 259; Darwinism, 

 200; degradation, 257, 202; 

 discussion with Cuvier, 257, 

 203-0, 270-7 ; environment, 

 259, 310, 314; filiation, 257; 

 Lamarckian, 257; mutation, 

 201; principle of balance- 

 ment, 34, 280; natural selec- 

 tion, 200, 340; reasoning, 258, 

 204; saltation, 201, 339; 

 school, 295; survival of fit- 

 test, 200; transformation, 

 257, 259-02; transmutation, 



