HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE 219 



must be shown also for each individual case that the latter is sub- 

 sequent in time to the former, if we are to believe in a cause and 

 effect relation between them. And then he must, wherever possible, 

 distinguish between speech-mixture and race-mixture and determine 

 in each case whether one or the other or both have taken place. He 

 will find some very useful generalizations on the relation between 

 the two kinds of mixture in a paper by the American scholar George 

 Hempl, 1 whom I am happy to quote here at the close of my paper, 

 for it would scarcely be possible to find a more apposite place than 

 America in which to investigate the question I have alluded to. Here 

 in America you have race-mixtures and speech-mixtures of every 

 kind going on and readily accessible to observation every day. Here 

 you see the greatest amalgamation that the world has ever witnessed 

 of human beings into one great nation. The future of the English 

 language is to a great extent in the hands of the Americans. It is 

 gratifying, therefore, to see that the study of its'past and of its present 

 is taken up with such zeal and such energy by a great number of 

 extremely able American scholars that we cannot fail to entertain 

 the very best hopes for the future of English philology. 



1 G. Hempl, Language-Rivalry and Speech-Differentiation in the case of Race- 

 Mixture. Transactions of the American Philological Association, xxix (1898), 

 p. 35. 



