332 HISTORY OF LITERATURE 



of literature, too, the corrective movement finds its leaders. Be- 

 tween 1812 and 1835 the brothers Grimm labor to collect German 

 myths and folk-lore, and by that road to penetrate to the origins 

 of poetry. From their day literary history has been a comparative 

 science, and its methods at least genetic. What Bacon had forecast, 

 and Herder dreamed, was now a fact. 



In poetics, the philological and theoretical streams, the former 

 represented by such men as Boeckh, Paul, Elze, Steinthal, and the 

 latter by men like Hegel and F. T. Vischer, unite; and the result 

 in the middle of the century is such a work as Carriere's .Das Wesen 

 und die Formen der Poesie ; in the latter part such works as Gerber's 

 Die Sprache als Kunst, and the treatises of Wackernagel, Scherer, von 

 Gottschall, as well as of Grober, Tobler, Korting, and the lions of later 

 methodology. 



In all forms of literary scholarship, the principle of specialization 

 begins to obtain. Hence the revival of Latin studies under Lachmann 

 and Ritschl, the revision of special texts, and the systematization of 

 epigraphy. Hence following in the wake of Boeckh 's Meters of Pindar, 

 the metrical studies of Rossbach, Westphal, J. H. H. Schmidt, and 

 others to the present day; and in modern versification the investi- 

 gations of Schaffer, Sievers, Kluge, Koberstein, Diez, Zarncke, and 

 many more. Hence the flood of commentaries on Plato's theory of 

 art and Aristotle's Poetics; on the former the well-known treatises 

 of Ed. Miiller, and Riige, Justi, Reber, Raabe, and von Jan; on the 

 latter, the editions and monographs of Ueberweg, Bernays, Biese, 

 Boring, Reinkens, Teichmuller, Bekker, Vahlen, Susemihl, and half 

 a hundred others each sharpening his teeth, and tantalizing his 

 appetite with the /AI/X^O-IS, and /caflapcris and the TOVTWV or TOIOVTW 

 iraBrjfj.a.Twv. Hence in like manner the seminars, the doctor's disser- 

 tations, and the journals of archeology and every kind of philology, 

 of art and every kind of literary study, every shade or shadow 

 or shred of substance or of ghost. Hence, too, the schools of arch- 

 aeology at Athens and Rome living monuments to the prophetic 

 soul of Winckelmann. 



In Germany, as in other countries of Europe and in America, the 

 upshot of the literary tendencies and the disciplines so far maintained 

 has been a comparative science of literature, or, as I have elsewhere 

 called it, literary, as distinguished from linguistic, philology. Of 

 this when I have carried to its threshold, in some such manner as 

 with Germany, the literary provenience of one or two other countries, 

 I shall more especially speak. 



B. In England 



1. The Preparatory Period. To trace the modern movement of 

 literary studies in England we must on the philological side turn 



