572 HISTORY OF ART 



of two heads of a youthful Herakles crowned with poplar wreaths, 

 in Roman museums, to the heads from Tegea. He then enlarged his 

 list materially with copies poorer or more remote from the presumed 

 original. It was evident that some famous original had led to this 

 multiplication of copies. Pausanias records that a youthful Herakles 

 made by Skopas was set up in the gymnasium at Sikyon. Coins of 

 Sikyon of a rather late date show a beardless Herakles with the 

 taenia of a wreath, a fact that makes it certain that the statue w r as 

 highly esteemed at Sikyon. That, then, was probably the famous 

 original which evoked so many copies. This series combined with the 

 Tegea heads made a base both broad and firm, and other statues were 

 invited to come and stand on it, and form a Skopasian group. A 

 Meleager in Rome and a. female head from the south slope of the 

 Athenian Acropolis, supposed by some to be an original, were 

 invited by acclamation. The test w r as then applied to the sculptures 

 of the Mausoleum of Helicarnassus with the result that while many 

 heads there. appeared to bear the Skopasian features they were not 

 confined to the east side, as we ought to expect if we trust Pliny's 

 already incredible report that each one of four sculptors executed the 

 sculpture on each of the four sides, Skopas, as the elder, receiving the 

 front. 1 And if any single frieze does not seem to be more Skopasian 

 in character than some of the others the safest inference to be drawn 

 is that Skopas as the master mind left the Skopasian stamp upon 

 the work as a whole. 



Pliny also records that Skopas sculptured one of the drums of the 

 temple of Artemis at Ephesus; and the British Museum possesses such 

 a drum from that temple, which represents probably Alcestis between 

 Thanatos and Hermes, who has the Skopasian eye. By the method 

 thus established several other candidates were severely scrutinized 

 and some admitted and some rejected. The Ludovisi Ares receives 

 a majority of the suffrages. But it fares hard with some of the old 

 claimants. The Niobe group is rejected. Furtwangler has invited in 

 the Aphrodite of Melos (Venus of Milo) as a descendant, through the 

 Aphrodite of Capua, of the famous but lost Aphrodite of Knidos. 

 She ought to be received with shouts and almost with tears of joy 

 if her title can be made clear. 



The resurrection of Skopas's Herakles was a single application of 

 a method which in the hands of a master has produced great results. 

 Eleven years ago appeared an epoch-making book, Mcisterwerke 

 dcr Gricchischcn Skulptur. by Adolf . Furtwangler. 2 The book is full 



1 It seems more reasonable, inasmuch as there were several friezes going around 

 all four sides of the building, that a given sculptor should execute a given frieze 

 rather than parts of several friezes. 



2 Translated in the following year into English by Miss E. Sellars. Eighteen 

 plates and nearly two hundred figures in the English edition represent by no means 

 all the statues that are cited. 



