THE RELATIONS OF ANATOMY 371 



tion of light, has made an advance which cannot be too highly 

 valued. 



As, in the starry heavens, the photographic plate shows us worlds 

 which could have been recognized in no other way, so also the same 

 plates show us finer details in the structure of the bodily tissues, 

 which were only incompletely seen before. It fixes our eyes upon 

 them, makes possible comparative observations, and makes much 

 certain which otherwise would have remained doubtful. 



Radioscopy stands above all others in its great value for descrip- 

 tive and topographic anatomy. This it is which, in the truest sense 

 of the word, has illumined the obscurity of the human body, and, 

 in connection with photography, has been one of the most important 

 advances, not only in anatomy, but in general medicine. Only a few 

 years have passed since Rontgen, then living at Wiirzburg, made his 

 overwhelming discovery, and the World's Fair Exhibit at St. Louis 

 convinces us to-day of the extraordinary importance which it has 

 won for medicine. 



Physics and chemistry meet in the technique of injections, which 

 are so important for the advancement of anatomy. The manufacture 

 of a suitable apparatus, the syringe, in which also the air-pump 

 plays a role, falls to mechanics, as do the thermometer and manometer, 

 and, on the other hand, the production of a suitable material is aided 

 by chemical studies. Since Ruysch of Holland, who was the first 

 worker in this field, and his famous countryman, Swammerdam, 

 Lieberkiihn in Berlin, Hyrtl in Vienna, Thiersch, the surgeon of 

 Leipzig, the optician Schobl in Prague, the anatomist Teichmann 

 in Krakau, Sappey in Paris, Taguchi in Tokio, Dalla Rosa in Vienna, 

 and Gerota, who was at that time assistant at the Berlin Anatomic 

 Institute, and is now professor at the University of Bukarest, have 

 done great service in this field; those since Teichmann especially 

 with the difficult injection of the lymph-vessels. 



Teichmann prepared an injection-mass which is still the best for 

 the rougher lymph- and blood-vessel injections. Sappey developed 

 the mercury injection, which had been used by the older anatomists, 

 Monro, Mascagni, Cruikshank, and Fohmann. Taguchi and Dalla 

 Rosa used Japanese and Chinese India-ink, which had previously 

 been used by von Recklinghausen for the injection of large and small 

 lymph-vessels. Gerota's injection-mass, devised a few years ago, 

 and the syringe of his own construction, denote a marked advance 

 in the technique of the injection of the smaller lymph-vessels, which 

 has already made possible important advances in human anatomy. 



These injections with soft masses were followed recently, in Ber- 

 lin, by the injection of fluid metal masses, devised by Wood and 

 Rose, which after hardening permit no more change of shape in the 

 injected vessels or canals, and thus are of especial service in topo- 



