THE RELATIONS OF ANATOMY 373 



related to chemistry. We no longer stand upon the purely empiric 

 basis which has existed since the introduction of carmine into the 

 technique of staining by J. Gerlach of Erlangen, when we wish to 

 determine the use of a new stain. Three procedures must be men- 

 tioned as especially valuable, the corrosion method of Carl Weigert of 

 Frankfurt-on-the-Main, whose early death was deplored by all anato- 

 mists of this land, the staining in vivo of Ehrlich, who is also known all 

 over America as an investigator of the first rank, and the method of 

 Dr. Kaiserling, who assisted the German universities in arranging their 

 exhibition here a few months ago, the method of preserving anatomic 

 preparations so that they retain their natural colors for a period 

 of time hitherto not thought possible. The exhibition of the Berlin 

 Pathologic Institute will give everybody an opportunity of convincing 

 themselves of the superiority of this method for normal, as well as 

 pathologic, anatomy. 



I can only refer in passing to the procedure of Golgi for the micro- 

 scopic study of the central nervous system, and its recent improve- 

 ment by S. Ramon y Cajal of Madrid, the method of Coccius, His, 

 and von Recklinghausen, of impregnation with silver, that of J. 

 Cohnheim, of impregnation with gold, and the osmic acid fixation 

 method of Max Schultze. I may also mention that an encyclopedia 

 of the technique of micro-anatomic methods has recently appeared 

 in Berlin under the editorship of Rudolph Krause, which occupies 

 a large quarto volume, and shows adequately how great an advance 

 has been brought about in anatomic methods by the study of chem- 

 istry. 



Of the art methods, that of taking casts is especially to be men- 

 tioned, which has been adapted to scientific purposes by W. His and 

 by Born's method of modeling with wax plates. These not only serve 

 for the obtaining of specimens for investigation, but also to clear up 

 obscure topographical relationships, especially in embryonal ana- 

 tomy and the form of certain cavities. A glance at the section of this 

 exhibition where this is displayed will show what a great importance 

 and high development the technique of taking casts has reached. 



It may be mentioned that the relation of the fine arts to human 

 anatomy was developed, to a high degree, many centuries ago. Illus- 

 trations for purposes of instruction were prepared by Henri de Mon- 

 deville (about 1300), and we find some in the book of Berengarius da 

 Carpi about 1500. The recent advance in anatomic illustrations, in 

 books, and in atlases, is shown by all the journals, archives, and peri- 

 odicals connected with the subject. It is also seen in our text-books, 

 which have been prepared in great number in the United States, of 

 which I will only mention the excellent topographical anatomy of 

 Deaver, the classic work of W. Braune and Sappey on the same sub- 

 ject, and on the anatomy of the lymph-vessels, the recent atlases of 



