415 



"Zwei Seelen wohnen, ach, in meiner Brust ; 

 Die eine will sich von der andern trennen." 



But are these reasons, which gave origin to the twofold, or even 

 threefold division of human nature, still binding for us? I answer 

 no. The contrast of body and soul exists not at all. It is a decep- 

 tion. If we prove anything that we know in the entire physical 

 world, if we analyze any existing substance, we find nothing but 

 a sum of impressions. Impressions are, however, psychic elements. 

 Hume actually believed that there was nothing to our bodies, 

 except merely impressions, and Kant drew his "Ding an sich" 

 from this conception. This was pure hypothesis, and Kant him- 

 self understood that the "the thing itself," must always be in- 

 accessible to our knowledge, and that all knowledge must remain 

 limited to our impressions. Why, then, should we conceive of such 

 a mystic unknowable and objectless Something? It is completely 

 unnecessary. If we analyze the world in a purely empiric manner, 

 and discard, in a strictly scientific way, every hypothesis, we find 

 no such dualism in the world. The entire world consists of psychic 

 impressions, and nothing else is to be found anywhere. 



We must accustom ourselves to this incontrovertible fact, which 

 is becoming to-day more and more widespread. The world, then, 

 appears completely uniform, and many of the difficulties disappear. 

 There is not a division into material and psychic, parallel to one an- 

 other. Here all is unity, a mighty sum of psychic impressions and 

 their complexes; that is, the Psyche, that is, the world, and all 

 scientific investigation consists in the analysis of its contents. The 

 limits between science and psychology also disappear. We pursue 

 the same method in both sciences; we analyze psychic complexes and 

 lay down general laws; we do the same in physiology. As a special 

 science it is thus limited to a special part of the entire corporeal 

 world, to the complex of impressions, which we as organisms feel. 

 Thus physiology is a part of psychology, as well as of natural sci- 

 ence. For in the broadest sense psychology includes all science. 



I am at the end. Many wanderers travel far aw r ay, seeking for 

 truth. They spread themselves toward north and south, toward 

 east and toward west. They wander through the world on painful, 

 intricate paths. At the end, however, they all meet at their goal. 



Thus it is with knowledge; however far they may be sepa- 

 rated from one another, however specialized and differentiated 

 they may be, as they penetrate more deeply, all sciences approach 

 one another more and more closely. Finally, however, all the paths 

 of investigation end, as their last goal, in the one great realm of 

 psychology. 



