220 EVOLUTION 



Science in its Relations to Labour. — 

 Note here another difference between the 

 opening treatment of this parallelism and 

 that with which we now draw to a close. Bio- 

 logical evolution as projection of a social 

 philosophy, be this conscious or unconscious, 

 and the resultant renewal of Nature studies 

 as observant and inductive in the field, are 

 alike the expression of that wisely passive 

 mood in which, with naturalist as with poet, 

 **we see into the life of things." But man 

 ^is born to labour also; his hands have made 

 him wise; the complex brain not merely or 

 mainly growing up in vacuo or in abstracto 

 nor even in encyclopaedia, as one school of ed- 

 ucationists after another has falsely thought 

 and wTongly applied, but as we now begin to 

 see and to apply, in intimate interaction also 

 with the skilful and strenuous hand. Science, 

 no less than fine art, is essentially of the 

 working class. Like art it is craft-experience, 

 craft-skill, craft-initiative, for the scientist 

 more reflective, as for the artist more im- 

 passioned. Science is always observing, in- 

 quiring — blundering therefore also — with the 

 prentice; is in fact a perpetual apprentice; 

 yet skilled, and that a degree beyond the 

 customary journeyman — speculative, ex- 

 perimental, inventive, with the best. Fur- 

 thermore, Science is experienced, critical. 



