180 EVOLUTION, SOCIAL AND ORGANIC 



contemporaries as to be practically without a 

 rival, this thinker whose monumental works 

 have gained him an international reputation; 

 listen and compare what follows with the 

 hocus-pocus that usually comes from the of- 

 ficial chairs: 



"The purpose of applied sociology is to 

 harmonize achievement with improvement. 

 If all this achievement which constitutes civil- 

 ization has really been wrought without 

 producing any improvement in the condition 

 of the human race, it is time that the reason 

 for this was investigated. Applied sociology 

 includes among its main purposes the investi- 

 gation of this question. The difficulty lies in 

 the fact that achievement is not socialized. 

 The problem, therefore, is that of the sociali- 

 zation of achievement. 



"We are told that no scheme for the equali- 

 zation of men can succeed; that at first it was 

 physical strength that determined the inequal- 

 ities; that this at length gave way to the 

 power of cunning, and that still later it be- 

 came intelligence in general that determined 

 the place of individuals in society. This last, 

 it is maintained is now, in the long run, in the 

 most civilized races and the most enlightened 

 communities, the true reason why some oc- 

 cupy lower and others higher positions in the 



