284 THE STABLE. 



tlie animal economy demands cannot be furnished, and the 

 blood becomes im[)iire. 



To furnish means fc^rthe escape of impure air, make ap- 

 ertures, or holes, from eight to ten inclies square, in the 

 upper part of the walls, one to each stall. In cases where 

 a loft is over the stable, these apertures should be convey- 

 ed through the roof, which is easily accomplished by pie- 

 ces of zinc pipe ; by this means, the foul air, in its escape 

 from the stable, will not affect the hay. If it be not con- 

 venient to make an aperture for each stall, at least take 

 care to make one at each end, and if possible, one in the 

 middle of the roof or ceiling; in this ease, each aperture 

 should be rather larger than the size previously given, — if 

 there are but two, let them be at least double the size ; if 

 three, let each be about two-thirds the size ; and so on, 

 that, in effect, they will furnish as much room as is equal 

 to a square space of nine inches for each horse kept in the 

 stable. The apertures or ventilators, when only nine in- 

 ches either way, will not require any covering, except 

 when the stable is occupied by less than one half the num- 

 ber of horses usually kept therein, or quite empty ; but it 

 will be as well if the larger spaces be made somewhat in 

 this form, I I because that shape will keej^ out the cold 



air, while it will not in the least affect the escape of the 

 impure air. It need hardly be said each tube or hole that 

 is exposed to the open air, should be defended by a cap or 



cover, thus : / \ 



But it is not only necessary to provide for the escape of 

 foul air, it is also essential that a stream of pure fresh air 

 shoidd be provided, in order to replace the wast of oxygen 

 by breathing. — This may be effected by a long tube or pipe 

 running the whole length of the stable, and f)pen at both 

 ends, the ends being outside the walls, and defended from 

 vermin by a grating at each end. Along the upper part 

 of this tube, a number of small holes must be perforated, 

 which will admit pure air into the stable without inconve- 

 niencing the horse; for, of course, it should not be placed 

 at that part of the stable fronting the head of the horse ; 

 Imt at the back of the stable, with the space intervening be- 

 tween that and the stalls. The ventilation will by these 

 simple means be complete, and the healthful operations of 

 the animal economy ensured. 



