16 



Handling thp; Spray. 



The pumps used with sulphur-liuie wash must be washed out each night 

 after using. Tumps with l)rass working parts will have a scaly crust formed 

 over the brass after continued use. Brass nozzles are eaten out by several 

 days' spraying, and a sufficient supply should be kept on hand to replace those 

 worn out. Sulphur-liuie will keep for several days. The horses as well as 

 the men should be protected during the time of api)lication. This is done by 

 blankets and hoods of gunny-sacking or canvas. Sulphur-lime is caustic to 

 the skin and may produce ulcers. It is a good ]ilan to anoint the hands and 

 face with vaseline before spraying. 



No. 2. — Quassia Chijis (mil Wlnilc-oil .s'onp. — Summer spray for aphis: — 



Quassia chips 8 lbs. 



Whale-oil soap 7 ,. 



Water 100 gallons. 



Boil the quassia chips in aliout S gallons of water for one liour. Dissolve 

 the soap in hot water, strain and mix both solutions together, and dilute witli 

 sufficient water to make 100 gallons altogether. To be used with a spray 

 pump with as nnich force as possible in appl.ving. This mi.\ture is tlie 

 standard remedy for hoi)-aphis. and has given most satisfactory results against 

 otlier forms of aphides, with no injury to the foliage of trees treated. 



Xo. 5. — Kerosene Emulsions. — These are particularly valuable against 

 insects as plant-lice, scale insects, and animal parasites. The best formula is: 



Kerosene (coal oil i 2 gallims. 



Rain water 1 



Soap Vn pound. 



Boil the soap in the water till all is dis.solved; then, while boiling hot. 

 turn it into the kerosene, and churn the mixture constantly and forcibly with 

 a syringe or force pump for five minutes, when it will be of a smooth, creamy 

 nature. If the emulsion is perfect, it will adhere to the surface of glass 

 without oiliness. As it cools, it thickens into a jelly-like mass. This gives 

 the stock emulsion, which must be diluted with nine times its measure of 

 warm water before using on vegetation. The above (piantity of S gallons of 

 emulsion will make .30 gallons of wash. In.sects breathe through small open- 

 ings along their sides. The effect of kerosene ennilsion is to suffocate them. 

 by stopping up these breathing pores. 



Kerosene emulsions may also be made conveniently by using an equal 

 amount of sour milk instead of soap and water in the above formula, and 

 churning for the same time to get the stock emulsion. Recently another 

 method has been suggested by Mr. F. T. Shutt and Mr. W. T. Macoun, of 

 mixing kerosene first of all with flour and afterwards with water, by churning 

 the two together. This convenient plan is a modification of a method jn-oposed 

 by Prof. Clo.se, of the Delaware Experiment Station, in which it was shown 

 that lime has the power of holding kerosene in suspension and forming an 

 emulsion which does not separate for a long time. Lime is not conveniently 

 obtainable in all parts of Canada, and Mr. Shutt made the valuable discovery 

 that flo\ir. which is to lie had everywhere, may be u.sed with equally good 



