39 



Ligiiieres. suggest sowing the l.'iml with lucerue. lietter drainnge. ploughing up. 

 top dressing with g;is lime, burning off the grass, feueiug off infested parts, 

 etc. — yeiDiiun's P(tra.<<itcs of Doiiicsiicatcd Animals. 



Waijs 1o Kill Ticl-s. 



There are two general plans that may be followed in getting rid of ticks, 

 and either one will prove successful If it is carefully followed out. The first 

 plan, and the one that every farmer cau adoiit. is to u.se oil, either by dipping 

 the stock in crude oil. or by applying the oil by means of a brush or mop : the 

 second plan is to make use of pasture rotation, that is, to change the stock 

 from one pasture ti> another during the summer and fall. 



Use of Oil. 



(.'onstructing a dipping vat is too expen.slve for the farmer who may have 

 from ten to thirty head of cattle on his farm. Such a stockman will devise 

 other means of getting rid of the ticks. Several farmers in the neighbourhood 

 of Stillwater have practised the following method of work, and their farms 

 are now free from ticks. Build a small but substantial corral at some con- 

 xenient ))lace. and in this liuild a narr<:)w chute that will accommodate one 

 animal, and build it so that you can examine every part of an animal that is 

 confined in it. Collect all of the stock on the farm and examine them closel.v 

 lor ticks ever.v two weeks during July, August and September. The large 

 ticks should be pickeil off and dr<ipi)ed into a can of oil. After this is done, 

 apply crude jietrolenm liy means of a brush or mop to every ]iart of the 

 animal where yon can find young ticks. If there are tieics on an animal the.v 

 will be found on the inside of the hind legs, in the flanks, on the belly, behind 

 the forelegs, and on the side of the neck. Go over all of these regions care- 

 liilly with oil. If crude jietroleum cannot be had. then use the following: 

 Three gallons of kerosene, one gallon of black machine oil, and one pint of oil 

 of tar. Apply this in the same way as for the crude oil. If the cattle are 

 carefully treated the first time, it will be light worlv afterwards if they are 

 treatc<l every two week.s. Don't e.xpeot to find small ticks on cattle by walking 

 nr rilling among them, but get the stock into the chute and go ever them with 

 llie hand. A little carelessness will allow some of the ticks to mature and 

 drop off, iiud this will keep the pasture and cattle infected and there will be 

 infection the next year. If the work is thoroughly done for three or four 

 months during the summer and fall, any pasture or farm may be made free 

 from ticks. — Okluhoiiia Bulletin 7,?. 



Ticks in Connectwx With Red-W.^ter ix Cattle. 



In ,a previous Annual Report (\'ol. Or,, page 14.3) an account was given 

 of the jiathology of this disease, including some hints regarding measures of 

 jirevention. The disease is again referred to here because it has been found 

 tliat the old erroneous opinions regarding its cause are still widely held. 



It must therefore be repeated that red-water is eau.sed by a microscopic 

 l)Iood parasite which is transferred from aft'ected to healthy c.-ittle by means 

 of tick.s. It is the fact that ticks play an essential role in the causeatiou of 

 the disease that explains the peculiar regional and seasonal occurrence of 

 cases of red-water. 



