4o 



is repeated till all her e^gs are laid. After a time the egss hatch, and tiny, 

 worm-lilve maggots emerge. The gradual growth and movements of the grubs 

 cause iutlammation. and produce "tumours" ur warliles. The grubs are 

 found within these warbles, head down, the tail, provided with breathing 

 tubes, being pressed against the oi)ening. 



Aiipro.-iching the last stage they press constantl.v against the openings, 

 wliii-h are thus enlarged sufficiently to allow the exit of the grubs. These 

 fall to the ground, where, like the maggots of the horse-bot. they wriggle into 

 the earth, or under any available shelter, and jiass into the chrysalis stage, 

 from which within a month the perfect flies emerge. 



The fl.y has but two wings. The head and front part of the body are 

 .vellowish, the back portion of the bod.v black ; the abdomen is banded white, 

 lilack and .vellowish. One siiecimen in my possession measures just three- 

 (l\iarters of an inch in length. 



It will be seen that not only does this tiy ruin the hide, but it also in.nu-es 

 the health of the beast, and causes it t > lose condition. A correspondent 

 states that the annual loss in the United Kingdom from tliis cause alone 

 amounts to several millions sterling. 



.1 I'revciitirc of Wurblcs. 



For preventing the attack of the warlile fl.v. the dressing recommended 

 by tlie late Miss E. A. Ormerod is very eft'ective. This consists of 4 ounces 

 of siil)limed snlphur, 1 gill of spirits of tar, and 1 quart of train or whale-oil. 

 Mix well together, and ajiply along the spine with ;i brush. The smell drives 

 off the flies and prevents them from de])ositing their eggs ; the cattle are left 

 to graze in peace, and warliles are prevented. 



Mosquitoes. 



These pests, not only a torment to man and beast but a fruitful cause of 

 the spread of some fatal diseases, are so numerous in some parts of the country 

 that every means should be used to mitigate the evil. Of course, in large 

 wild areas of swampy laud, it is all but useless to attempt any remedy, but 

 near liuildings and in circumscribed breeding areas, a great deal can be done 

 towards ridding ourselves of the pests. The following treatment is recom- 

 mended by Herbert Osborn. of the United States Department of Agriculture : 

 " Probably the best ,and certainly the easiest, of wholesome remedies against 

 mosquitoes is the application of kerosene to the surface of breeding pools. 

 The suggestion that kerosene could be used as a remedy for mosquitoes is not 

 new and has been made more than once. Exact experiments out of doors and 

 on a large scale were made in 1S'J2 by the writer. These and subsequent 

 experiments show that approximately one ounce of kerosene to each 15 square 

 feet of water surface on small pools will destroy all the larvre and pupaj 

 in that jjooI, with the additional advantage that the adult females, not 

 dcten-«'d from attempting to oviposit, are killed when they alight on the 

 kerosene-covered water. Ordinarily, the application need not be renewed for 

 a month, though var,\-ing circumstances may re<iuire more frequent applica- 

 tions in certain cases." 



