12 



that it remains liquid wlien cold, at much greater strengths, and that fish-nil 

 itself seems to lie more fatal to insert life than other animal fats. A good 

 soap can be made as follows : — 



Concentrated potash lye S^ lbs. 



Water T^L- gallons. 



Fish-oil 1 gallon. 



Dissolve llie lye in lioiliiig water, anil to the boiling solution add the fish-oil: 

 continue to boil for two liiairs. and then allow to cool. Any grade of fish-oil 

 will answer." 



Whale-oil soap may be applied in the strength of one pound in four gallons 

 of water for brown or black plant-lice, and one pound in six gallons for green 

 plant-lice; warm water should always be used when dissolving it. 



Soaps of all kinds are very useful in adding adhesiveness to liquid mix- 

 tures when it is necessary to apiily these to such vegetation as cabbages, 

 turnips, poas. etc.. which have their leaves covered with a waxy secretion 

 which prevents water from lying upon them. Any kind of soap will answer 

 fur this ]inrpose. and it ni.-iy be remembered that one quart of soft soap is 

 about eiiual to one pound of hard soap. 



Cnrholic Aeid. — This fluid is very valuable as a preventative remedy, owing 

 to its permanent and characteristic odour, which is found to be distastefnl to 

 many insects. A convenient form of using it is the Cook wash, which is so 

 effective against root maggots. This consists of boiling up one quart of soft 

 soap, or one pound of hard soap, in a gallon of water. When boiling, add half 

 a pint of crude carbolic acid. Boil for a few minutes and stir thoroughly. 

 The mixture is then ready to be stored away for future use. When required, 

 take one part of this mixture by measure to fifty of water, and sprinkle or 

 spray directly upon the growing plants once a week from the time they appear 

 above ground. 



Carboliseil Plaster. Sand, Axlics or Saicdust. — This is simply one pint of 

 crude carbolic acid, well ndxed with fifty pounds of land plaster or some other 

 diluent. It is used dry by .sprinkling it among plants to be larotected. and is 

 said to be very efficient against flea-beetles, strijied cucumber beetle, etc. 



Pdisdiird Bordeaux Mixture. — The discovery of the great value of Bor- 

 deaux mixture as a destroyer of fungous diseases was soon followed by the 

 equally important one that various poisons could be mixed with it and form 

 a joint mixture destructive at the same time of fungous disea.ses and insect 

 pests. All of the arsenical i^oisous can be mixed with the lime Bordeaux 

 mixture, and this practice is now a general one, when it is necessary to protect 

 crops against fungous diseases, and at the same time to destroy insect enemies. 

 A useful formula for making the Poi.soned Bordeaux Mixture for fungi and 

 leaf-eating insects is given farther on. 



