n 



The arsenate of soda aud acetate of lead should be dissolved separately 

 and then poured into a tank containing the required amount of water. These 

 chemicals unite readily, Icirniiii!; a white floceulent precipitate of lead arsenate, 

 which is easily kept in suspension and can be used in excessive strengths on 

 delicate plant.s without the addition of lime. ^Yhen sprayed upon the foliage, 

 it forms a filmy adhering coat, which is but little affected by ordinary rains. 



Another formula for nniking Arsenate of Lead is that recommended by 

 Prof. H. T. Fernald. and is :— 



Arsenate of .soda. yO per cent, strength 4 ounces. 



Acetate of lead 11 



Water 150 gallons. 



Put the arsenate of soda in two quarts of water in a wooden pail, and the 

 acetate of lead in four quarts of water in another wooden pail. When botli 

 are dissolved, mix with the rest of the water. AVarm water in the pails will 

 hasten tlie jirocess. Prof. Fernald recommends that in mixing this with 

 I'.ordeau mixture one gallon of the above should be mixed with fifty gallons 

 I if the mixture. 



Soai) Washes. — The most effective soap wash is made with whale-oil soap, 

 line pound to from four to six gallons of water. The term whale-oil soa]i is 

 merely a trade name for a fish-oil soap, made with either potash or soda. 

 The potash soaps, which are the best, because even strong solutions remain 

 liquid when they cool, are soft soaps. The soda soaps are hard. Of the two, 

 the potash soaps are considered the best to u.se on vegetation, as well as being 

 more convenient. Both kinds should alwa.vs be dissolved in hot water. 



\\'hen bought at retail prices, these soaps cost from 1.5 to 20 cents per 

 pound, according to the locality, but if obtained in large quantities, can be 

 got at from 3 to 5 cents per pound. Fifty-pound kegs are supplied at 5 cents 

 per pound. Two well-known brands of potash soft soaps which have been 

 nuich used in Canada, and have given good satisfaction, are those made by 

 W. H. Owen, of Port Clinton, Ohio, and by Good & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa. 

 If thought desirable, these soaps can l)e made at home; but it is very 

 unpleasant and dirty work, and it is besides doubtful whether such good or 

 rheap results can be secured as by buying from firms which make a special 

 business of manufacturing soaps with only the required amount of moisture 

 and the proper grade and amount of potash. It has been found in experi- 

 ments carried on at Washington that what is reipiired for spraying purposes 

 is a caustic potash and fish-oil soap, made with a fairly good quality of flsh-oil, 

 and from which water has been eliminated by boiling, so that it does not 

 exceed 2.5 or 30 per cent, of the weight of the soap. Soaps made with caustic 

 soda instead of caustic potash are unsuitable for spraying puri)0.ses. Dr. .T. 

 K. Smith, in his circular Xo. 5. "Whale-oil Soap and Its Uses," says: '•Whale- 

 oil, or fish-oil, soap is one of the most reliable materials for use against plant- 

 lice, and generally against sucking insects which can be killed by contact 

 insecticides. It kills by clogging the spiracles, or breathing pores, of the insects 

 and also to .some extent by its corrosive action. The advantages of fish-oil 

 over ordinary laundry soap lie in the greater penetrating power, in the fact 



