intcmlfd. Unfortunately, nuicU of the so-called sprayins. as usually carried 

 cur, <-(iuUl more accurately be designated bytliese terms, which describe a much 

 less careful and less even distribution of liquids. 



Remedies. 



Remedies are either Preventive or Active and nnist be applied in accord- 

 ance with the circumstances of the case and the habits of the attacking insects. 

 Preventive remcdlcfs are either agricultural or deterrent. The former of these 

 .■onsi.st chiefly of .such methods as special rotation of crops, high culture, so as 

 to stimulate a healthy growth of the crop and keep the land free of weeds and 

 rubbish ; early and late seeding, so as to present a crop to its insect enemies 

 wlicn they appear, in such condition that they cannot in.iure it, and rotation 

 of crops, by which insects attracted to a locality by a crop will not have iu 

 that place the same crop to feed upon the following year. Deterrent preventive 

 remedies consist of the application of mechanical contrivances, such as bands 

 c.r paper or tin placed round plants to prevent cutworms getting at them, or 

 the destroying or mashing of the natural odours of some plants by scattering 

 amongst them substances possessed of a stronger or a disagreeable odour, like 

 gas lime, carbolic acid, etc. Aetivc remedies include such methods as hand- 

 jiicking and the applieatinn of various poisonous substances to the plants to 

 lie protected. 



Ar.sriiitcK. — The best known of these are I'aris green. Arsenate of lead, 

 the Arsenate of lime with soda, which has lately come into very much more 

 general use, and Green Arsenoid. 



In all of these poisons, arsenic is the essential ingredient, and other chem- 

 icals are mixed with the arsenic for the purpose of preventing it from injuring 

 veg'tation. There are many spraying compounds which contain arsenic, some 

 of which are sold read.v-made, and many others are made at home by combin- 

 ing tlie necessary ingredients. 



Paris Gcee/i.— Undoubtedly the best known, and in many respects the 

 safest, poison to use, is Paris green. It has passed through many years of 

 trial, is well known, has a distinctive colour, and is a definite chemical com- 

 pound containing 58.65 per cent, of arsenious o.\ide. 31.2!) per cent, of copper 

 oxidi', and 10.06 per cent, of acetic acid. It is, therefore, an aceto-arsenite 

 of copper. It is soluble in ammonia. Paris green, if demanded, is now 

 obtained pure in all parts of Canada: but, as there is sometimes an 

 nilulterated article found in the market, it is wisest always to add an equal 

 auKuint, with the Paris green, of freshly slaked lime, whej the free arsenic 

 will combine with the lime, and it can then be used safely at the rate of one 

 pound of Paris green in IGO gallons of water on all vegetation, and. for a dry 

 .ainilication, one pound Paris green in 50 pounds flour, laud-plaster, slaked 

 lime, cir some other perfectly dry powder. 



As a general principle, lime should always be used with Paris green 

 whenever it is applied in a liquid insecticide. Paris green is very heavy, and 

 the particles quickly sink to the bottom of any liquid with which it is mixed. 



