ffi-reil liy tlie bite of the f;iinii\is l)itiiiff tly Ininwii as the tsetse-fly. The germs 

 of the disease of eattle liiiown as anthrax are carried l)y gad-flies, or horse- 

 flies, and when these flies subsequently bite human l)eiu.£:s malignant pustules 

 may result. And other discoveries of this nature are constantly being made. 

 Kven the common bedbug is strongly suspected in this connection.' 



•' These statements are not guesses, the.v are proved facts of science. It 

 will be some time before these facts and their significance receive their full 

 recognition in the medical practice; the knowledge of medicine is always in 

 advance of its practical recognition. But modern medical practice is much 

 swifter to incorporate the new facts of biolog,y than was the practice of even 

 a decade or two ago, and in such lines of work as arm.y and other govern- 

 mental service the new methods of preventive medicine are quickly adopted. 

 Already there are organised movements all over the world to make use of the 

 new knowledge concerning the relation of insects to human disease. As I 

 write these pages conies the report of the work of Major Ronald Ross, one of 

 the discoverers of the malaria-disseminating capacity of the mo.squito and one 

 of the leaders in tlie anti-mosquito crusade, in nearly .stamping out malaria in 

 the long notorious jiest-hole of Ismailia. Material cases have been reduced 

 there from 300,000 cases annually to 300, by effective war on mosquitoes. Dr. 

 Cruz reports that Rio Janeiro has aboli.shed its old-fashioned quarantine 

 regulations, and vessels witli yellow fever on hoard will hereafter simjily be 

 disinfected and supervised. In October, 1903. Cruz directed the operations of 

 1.200 men especiall.v emplo.ved in destroying the larva? of the mosquito in 

 their breeding-places in and around the city, and. as a result, only nine cases 

 of yellow fever developed in the midsummer months of January and February 

 (1904), as against 275 cases iu the same months in 1003. In the period from 

 1S50 to 1896. 51,000 deaths occurred in Rio Janeiro from this di.sease. and at 

 times as man.y as 2,000 patients have been cared for in the isolation hospital, 

 which is now closed. The benefits of the war waged on the mosquito at Rio 

 Janeiro have been as great as those obtained at Havana, where the vigorous 

 work of the American authorities during our occupation of the Islands practi- 

 cally stamped out .yellow fever iu a city long notorious the world over as a 

 plague-centre." — Insects Injurious to Crops, l)j/ Dr. Fletcher. 



Every crop grown by the farmer and gardener is liable to be attacked and 

 reduced iu value Iiy various insect enemies, from the time the seed is sown 

 until it is harvested. Frecpient inquiries concerning even the commonest and 

 most in.jurious pests make it advisalile to issue in concise form for reference, 

 an account of some of the more important of these, together with the latest 

 ai)proved remedies, and the most convenient methods of applying them. 



It must be acknowledged by all observant people that the losses due to the 

 attacks of insects are every year enormous; and it should be more widely 

 known that there are practical — that is effective, cheap and easily aijplied — 

 remedies for most of those kinds which year by year levy such a heavy tax 

 on all crops. For the effective use of remedies against injurious in.sects, a 

 certain amount of knowledge as to the habits and .structure of the latter is 

 very useful, so that the most afipropriate remedy may be made use of, and 

 this at the time when it will be most effective. 



