73 



A ii;ipcr (111 Crown (Jnll. by Prof. E. A. Popenoi'. Eiitomnlciiiist. Kansas 

 State Agriciiltiu-al College, eouclmles as follows: — 



•• In closing I may say that as I read the results of exiierinieiits to cheek 

 the growth of crown gall, they appear to be practically futile .so far; and 

 about all that can be done by the planter is to examine closely all trees before 

 lilanting and Imrii any found infested; by the nurseryman to follow rigor- 

 ously, and for his own hnul interest, the present practice of the conscientious 

 grower, of burning all trees found, on digging, to be infested, and giving him- 

 self the benefit of the doubt that yet remains, to practise a strict rotation of 

 susceptible trees with other crops or those not capable of iurection." 

 Gali. on Linden Tbkes {Eriuphiics ahtiormis.) 



(iall on Linden trees occurring at Victoria was referred to r>r. Fletcher, 

 who replied as follows: — 



"The Linden leaf is the work of Eiioiihijes uhnormis. Garman. This is 

 a common gall on the basswood and linden, but cannot be said to do much 

 harm other than producing an unsightly appearance on the leaves." 



Apple and Pear Scad (FiisicUidium dcndritieum and F. piriiiion.) 



Description. 



Although the fungi i-ansing scab on apples and pears resi)ectively are 

 different .species, they are very closely allied; but as the general appearance 

 of the disease and the methods of treatment in each case are identical, 

 separate descriptions are not uecessar.y. 



Scab is probably the most general and most widely distributed of fungus 

 diseases attacking ai)ples and pears, and during certain seasons the 

 entire croji is much depreciated in value, or rendered altogether unsaleable, 

 owing to the presence of numerous blackish blotc'hes or scabs and gaping 

 eraeks on the surface. 



To the casual observer scab is only recognised on the fruit, whereas in 

 reality the fungus apjiears first on the leaves and young .shoots, from whence 

 the spores are waslied b.v rain on to tlie fruit, which is the last to be attacked. 

 If the fruit is nearly full-grown before it is infected, the spots formed by the 

 fungus remain small and are irregularly scattered over the surface. Although 

 the market value is thereby depreciated, such fruit is not materially in.1ured, 

 the Scab being quite superficial. If. however, infection occurs when the 

 fruit is young, its further growth is cheeked: the surface becomes more or 

 less covered with .scabs of various sizes, and at a later .stage is irregularly 

 cracked. On the leaves and young shoots the fungus forms minute velvety, 

 dark-coloured patches, which have un olive-green tint when the spores are 

 ripe. — Hoard of Agriculture and Fi^licricx, Leaflet So. 131. 



Tlie ajiple scab fungus has two stages — a summer, or jjarasitic stage, and 

 a winter, or saprophytic stage. The summer stage infests the leaves, flowers 

 and fruit ; the winter stage lives in the dead leaves of the apple which fall 

 off in autumn. The winter stage develops from the summer stage in the 

 leaves, after they fall off in autumn. The winter stage produces the spores 

 that cause the infection of the flowers, leaves and fruit in spring. 



