Ji:; 



Rriiinlicf!. — The renii'dics for tlie Wheat 'SlUVAf (U'liinul hir,L;cl.v niion tlie 

 •way it passes the winter. The methods wiiieh liave i;iven tlie liest results 

 are as follows : — 



1. Deep jiloughiiii: ilirectly the iroji is oarrieil. so as to bury the larviv so 

 deep that the tlies cannot work their way out through the soil. 



2. The lmruiu.g of all chaff, dust or rubbish known as •■screenings" or 

 " tailings " from beneath the threshing machines, as these contain many of 

 the larvtv which are carried with the crop. If fed to chickens or domestic 

 animals, this should be done in a iilace where none of the puparia can escape 

 destruction. 



3. Clean farming, including the cutting of all grasses along the edges of 

 fields and the ploughing down of all volunteor crops found in wheat fields 

 before the winter sets in. so as to destroy an autumn brood where one exists. 



4. The cultivation of such varieties of wheat as experien<-e has shown 

 are least affected by this insect. 



Grain Aphis (Xeetiiraiiliord (innunUi. Kirhy ; etc.). 



Attdcl-. — Green, yellow, reddish or dark-coloured plant-lice, sometimes 

 occurring in large numbers upon the heads and leaves of \\1ieat, oats, barley 

 and r.ve, weakening the plants and preventing the kernels from filling as well 

 as they should. These plant-lice generally disappear suddenly .iust as the 

 grain is beginning to change colour, being as a rule destroyed by their many 

 parasitic and predaceous enemies before much harm is done to the crop. 



It is probaljle that there are two or three species of plant-lice which attack 

 grain as described above. It is known that some broods of several species 

 feed upon one class of plants during part of their lives and upon grasses of 

 various kinds at other periods of their existence. S(mie of these, as the 

 apple aphis, occasionally may be found upon the small grains and grasses. 

 It is convenient to speak of all these kinds occurring upon grain crops under 

 the name of grain aphis. 



Rcmc(l;i. — So far, no treatment has been discovered for controlling plant- 

 lice when on grain crojis ; but, fortunately, they seldom affect the output to 

 au,v considerable extent. The ajipli' aphis ((ipltis iinili. Fab.) frequently 

 develops into a serious enemy of .voung fall wlieat ; and, as this insect passes 

 the winter as an egg ujion the twigs of apple trees, the regular spraying of 

 apple orchards with kerosene emulsion ( Remedy 2 ) would not only clear 

 those trees of a serious enemy, but also to a large measure protect the fall 

 wheat of the following season. A similar alternation of generations talces 

 place in the case of the hop aphis, which passes the winter in the egg state 

 on phini trees, from which a winged brood of the iilant-lice the following 

 summer migrates back again to their summer ijuarters on the hop. Spraying 

 the plinn trees during the winter reduces largely the occurrence of hop ajihis 

 later in the .vear. — FUtclwr. 



