120 



beetles. The most effective time iif siiraying wmild lie e:iiiy in the siiring. just 

 as the plants were apiieariiii;. ami 1 still believe that Bordeaux mixture, 

 lioisoued with Paris green or arsenate of lead, would be the best remed.y. 



" These insects feed freely at the time of the year when spraying is recom- 

 mended, and one meal of the poisoned foliage is enough to destroy them, so 

 that if all the foliage in the hop-yard were thoroughly covered, I have UO' 

 doubt that most of the beetles would be destroyed by a single sjiraying. 



" If 3 lT)s. of arsenate of lead was not sufficient, it might be well to try 

 4 lbs. in the 40 gallons."' 



After a visit to Agassiz. b.^' Dr. Fletcher and ilr. Anderson, in August. T.tDT, 

 when a thorough inspection of Sir Arthur Stepney's hop-yards was made, the 

 recounnendatiou which follows was made by Dr. Fletcher and has been found 

 to be efficacious in destroying large numbers of the beetles. The contrivance is 

 simply a modiflcation of the hoiiper-dozer used for destroying locusts, viz., a 

 tin hojiper. containing a small quantity of coal oil and water, to be dragged 

 through the yard, the pan to be nearly as wide as the rows, and to be drawn 

 on wheels or on a stone boat : the plants to be beaten lightly with branches or 

 brooms to disturb the beetles, which would then jumj) from the hop plants and 

 fall into the pan as it was drawn up the rows. Jlr. Ackroyd found it advan- 

 tageous to have a tlnat in the pan to prevent the liquid from slopping over. 

 The coal oil pan should be used from early in the season and in conjunction 

 with spraying witli arsenate of lead. 



Sr.UGS ..\ND Sn.\ils. 



Slugs and snails belong to a group of animals called Jlollusca. The Slugs 

 (or Liiiiarifla') and the Snails (or IlcUcidw) are terrestrial in habits, and 

 feed upon all manner of substances. The majority of snails prefer green diet, 

 such as plants of all kinds; many slugs also live upon plants, but others 

 prefer dry vegetables and animal sul.istances, and will not touch green matter 

 unless under stress of circumstances. 



Slugs are unprotected by an external shell, but they hav.' a shell neverthe- 

 less in the form of a small tlat plate buried under the skin in the front region 

 of the body. Snails, on the other hand, have usually a large shell into which 

 the whole body can be withdrawn. They also have the power of closing this 

 shell completely b.v means of a hardened plate which is spread over the opening 

 into the shell. 



These so-called molluscous animals have a mouth composed of 

 external fleshy lips, and within there is an apparatus, the chief part of 

 which is a ribbon-like mass of teeth, by means of which they ra.sp away the 

 tissues of plants and other substances which they employ as food. Both kinds 

 of these molluscs move b,y means of a flattened muscular part of the liody 

 called the " foot." One notable feature is the copious flow of slini.v nuicus 

 these animals can produce, and, in the case of slugs, this especially interferes 

 with killing them. This .slime cannot be produced continuously for long at a 

 time, but it is necessary to give two or three dressings of irritant i)owder 

 before the skin is reached. JIany different kinds of slugs and snails occur in 

 Britain, some being injurious, others of no economic value, while a few are 

 even beneficial. Both slugs and snails have male and female sexual organs 

 in the same individual. Bolli deposit eggs, and the young resemble the adults. 



