127 ' ■ 



glossy substtiuee. whirh makes it retain its sUape. "Within this little, earthen 

 cell the insect changes tn a chrysalis, and in about a fortnight finishes its 

 transformations, breaks open the enclosure, crawls to the surface of the 

 ground, and apijears in a winged form. 



Aliout the third week in July the flies are actively engaged in depositing 

 eggs for a second brood, the young slugs aiipearing early in August. They 

 reach maturity in about four weeks, then retire underground, change to pup;e, 

 and remain in that condition until the following spring. 



Pear and cherry growers should be on the look-out for this destr\ictive pest 

 about the middle of June and again early in August, and if the young larvic 

 are tlien abundant they should be proi)erly attended to. since, if neglected, 

 they soon play sad havoc with the foliage, feeding upon the upper side of the 

 leaves and consuming the tissues, leaving only the veins and under-skin. 

 The foliage, deprived of its substance, withers and becomes dark-coloured, as 

 if scorched by fire, and soon afterwards it drops from the trees. In a badly 

 infested pear orchard, whole rows of trees may sometimes be seen as bare 

 of foliage during the early days of July as they are in mid-winter. In such 

 instances the trees are obliged to throw out new leaves, and this extra effort 

 so exhausts their vigour as to interfere seriously with their fruit-producing 

 power the following year. Although very abundant in a given locality one 

 sea.son, these slugs may be very scarce the next, as they are liable to be 

 destro.yed in the interval by enemies and by unfavourable climatic influences. 

 Spray with Paris green or hellebore as soon as noticed; or small trees 

 may be treated as for the currant worm, with hellebore or Paris green. 

 Raspberry S.\w-fly, or Raspberry Leaf Worm (Sclainlria rtibi). 

 The larv:¥ feed upon the leaves and young growth of rasjiberry and bhi<'k- 

 berry plants, and do very serious injury. The parent flies appear earl.v in 

 spring having wintered in the pupal form beneath the surfac-e of the ground 

 near their food plants. Eggs are deposited in slits or cuts in the leaves, and 

 the young larva" soon hatch out and commence their work of destruction. 

 Infested leaves become spotted in appearance on the upper surface, before the 

 larv;e hatch out, and indicate the presence of the pests. The larvje are light 

 yellowish-green in colour, varying to darlvcr shades, imitating the colour of 

 the leaves upon which they are feeding. 



Hellebore, used either dry or in the form of a spray, is the most useful 

 remedy against these pests, but requires to be applied early in the attack, a 

 few days" neglect residting in much harm being done, as they are voracious 

 feeders. Whether sprayed or dusted on, the hellebore must reach the under- 

 sides of the foliage for best results. 



Cicada, or "Harvest Fly." 

 No injury is done by these insects in feeding, but their egg-laying habit 

 causes considerable trouble. The eggs are laid in the twigs and branches of 

 trees, a series of slits being cut by the ovipositor of the female, forming 

 hambers in which the eggs are arranged in series. They are easily known 

 j.v their broad, transparent wings, the large head, with prominent eyes set on 

 ach side, and by the shrill, loud noise or song, which is caused by the males, 

 rVho have an elaborate drumming and sounding structure on their undersides. 



