133 



comes to maturity, and tlif piiiise winter over and form ]iart of tlie spring 

 l)rood of niotlis. The effects of the first l)rood are seldom noticed until about 

 the first weelc of July. and. when seen, should at once lje attended to. The 

 acfive caterpillars can be recognized b.v their spindle-shaped bodies and their 

 wriggling motions wlien disturbed. When full grown, they sjiin open net-work 

 cf)coons on the lower sides of the leaves, through which the black-lined white 

 pupre can be easily seen. The larval stage in summer lasts from three weeks 

 to a month, and the jiupal .stage about a fortnight. The perfect moth is a 

 slender little creature, very variable in size and markings. The general colour 

 is ashy-gray with a stripe of light somewhat diamoud-sliaiied marks on the 

 back when the wings are closed. 



The occurrence of the diamond-back moth in large numbers is fortunately 

 very irregular. This is undoubtedly due to the large number of parasites 

 which always appear with a serious attack. This is a fortunate circumstance, 

 as it is a difficult insect to control. The injuries are generally mor<> serious 

 in hot. dry seasons. 



R<i)ieilics. — Kemedies wliidi have given good results are: (1.) Dusting 

 the infested plants with a dry Paris green mixture, using preferably lime or 

 wood ashes as a diluent. In England where soot from soft coal can be easily 

 obtained, this substance mixed with equal quantities of slaked lime is found 

 to give the best results. [2. i Kerosene emulsion sprayed well under the leaves, 

 lias given excellent results in garden pr.-ictice. (.3.) As a supplementary 

 treatment, inducing a vigorous growth with light dressings of nitrate of soda, 

 or some special fertiliser, is most useful. (4.) Several reports mention the 

 advantage of watering thoroughly the attacked plants, where tliis is practi- 

 cable. ( ."i. I As a jireventive measure, care should be talcen to keep down all 

 weeds and plants of the mustard family, and to destroy in autumn all surplus 

 plants of .1 crop which bas been attacked. In this w.iy the over-wintering 

 brood will be destroyed. — Fhtrhrr. 



F.\Lr. Wkb-Worm [ U iiphinitiiit tr.rtnr). 





I, I-'l 



The moth of this species deposits her eggs in broad patches on the under- 

 side of the leaves, near the end of a branch, during the latter part of May or 

 early June. These hatch during June and July. As .soon as the young larvre 

 appear they begin to eat and to spin a well over themselves for protection. 

 They <levour only the pulpy portion of the leaves, leaving the veins and skin 

 of the under surface untouched. When full grown they are an inch or more 

 in length, and vary greatly in their markings ; some examples are pale-yellow 



