130 



light wire-gauze about tlie moutli securely, so that neither worm nor moth 

 can get out. Place the jar in the orchard in a cool. <lr.v place. Atjout the 

 time of apple blossoming refer to ycmr Jar daily. As soon as the first moth 

 comes out you should begin your siirayiug. whether all the petals, or 

 " blossoms," have fallen or not. It is rare that a moth emerges from its pupa- 

 case before most of the petals have fallen; often it does not take place nutil 

 a week or two after this time. To show how this varies from year to year, let 

 me instance from other bulletins and from my own work. In Utah, in l!Xt3. 

 the first moths appeared, according to Ball, about the first of June. In 1890. 

 according to Aldrieh. the first moth appearefl about June 16th, probalily two 

 weeks later than u.sual. while the blossoms did not fall till June 14-17. This 

 year, the first moth appeared in my cage Jlay IStli. while tlu' apples were in 

 full blossom about May 14th. This was due to the unusually warm, dry 

 spring which forced out both moths and flowers a couple of weeks earlier 

 than usual. To be in time to catch the first worms, which might have come out 

 before those in my cage did, I had to spray before most of the petals had 

 fallen. The transformations of the worm take aliout fifty days, and may 

 be shown graphically as follows : — 



(1.) "Winter worms change to moths about when petals are falling. First 

 spraying. 



(2.) Moths mate and lay eggs in a day or two. 



(3.( Eggs hatcli almost always in about eiglit or ten days, while petals 

 close in about ten days. " First brood of ivoriiis." 



Many advise a second spraying at this time, to get the poison into the 

 calyx cups before the last of them close, and to catch the last of the young 

 \\x)rms of the first brood before they enter the apple. No spray can affect the 

 \\orm when once he has entered the fruit unharmed or unpoisoned. 

 (4.) Worm remains in apple about eighteen or twenty days. 



(.J.) He then comes out by enlarging the tunnel he made on entering, or 

 by eating out a new tunnel, and lets himself down from the apple to the 

 ground by a silken threa<l. or crawls down the trunk of the tree, seeking a 

 hiding phu-e in which to pupate. 



(d. I Having found such a liiding place, he wraps himself up as did the 

 winter worm, gradualy changes to a pupa, and comes out as a moth in about 

 twenty days. Simpson found tliis time varied from eleven to forty-nine days 

 in S(iUthern Idaho. 



(7.1 The eggs are again laid, and they again hatcli in aliout eight or ten 

 da.vs. As this forms the time for the third siiruiiiiKj. or the second, if we have 

 onntted the last one mentioned, we must again have recourse to the breeding 

 cage. In fact, it is nuicli more essential that we should know the exact time 

 this set of moths appears than the first, as we are more or less limited in 

 the first spraying by the date of full flowering. So, as so(hi as the worms 

 come out of the apples, which can be told by the hiinds on your trees (and 

 you should use bands), catch some, place them in your cage, watch when the 

 first moth appears, add eight or ten days for hatcliing of yc.inng worms, and 

 you will know when this kccoiuI Jirood of worms is ready to enter the apples. 

 Your spray should be on the apples soon after the emergence of the first 

 moth, in order to catch early as well as late worms of this brood. 



