142 



VIk II to Si)i-(iil. 



The first aiiplieation sliouUl be made as soon after tbe bloom falls as 

 possible — never while the blossoms are on. In a badly mixed orchard this 

 might possibly be when a few blossoms were on the late trees, but in case tiie 

 different varieties were separate, spray each variety three or four days after 

 the petals fall. In planting au orchard different varieties should be liept in 

 blocks, or at least in rows, so that tliey can be sprayed when ready. 



The length of time in which the calyx remains open varies in different 

 varieties and in different seasons; probably six to ten days would be a fair 

 average. This can be watched and those that close the quickest sprayed first. 



The second spraying should be made from ten days to two weeks after 

 the first. This will catch those calyx cups that are late in closing and any 

 from which the first spray has been washed, and will also leave a coating of 

 poison on the now fairly well-grown leaves and the developing fruit. — Bulletin 

 yo. 87. Utah. 



Lesser Apple-Worm (GraiiUotitha pniniLora, Walsh). 



Tills is the insect which has so often been mistaken for the codling moth 

 by our fruit-growers, and certainly in some respects there is a marked resem- 

 blance. It is also known as the plum-moth, and was first figured and 

 described by Walsh as a plum enemy. 



Full-grown specimen larvre are described as follows : three-eighths of an 

 inch in length, one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, tapering slightly towards 

 both extremities; reddish pink to pale pink in colour; lightest in colour 

 between the segments. Head smaller than first segment, with blotchy, darkish 

 brown markings; thoracic and anal plates also darkish, marlvcd with brown. 

 Body covered with white bristles, with finely dotted surface to the skin 

 (under microscope). The parent moth expands about five-eighths of an inch 

 across wings; the ground colour of the front wings is black, with large 

 patches of rusty red and a central steel-blue patch. Along the costa are 

 seven very conspicuous short white streaks, arranged 2, 2, and 3 together, of 

 which the longest are the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th. These streaks are nearly 

 parallel to each other, and are obliiiuely directed towards the posterior angle 

 of the wing. The hind wings are dusky gray at the base, .shading into black 

 at the tip. 



The common form of attack of this pest in cultivated apples is at the 

 calyx end of the fruit, and in the majority of cases the larvre do not penetrate 

 very far into the fruit. There are. however, many exceptions to this, and 

 quite a number of apples have been found in which the larva^ had bored into 

 the centre of the fruit and even fed upon the pips, just as the true codling moth 

 does. 



From this habit of feeding, it is apparent that effective use can be made 

 of the Paris green spray, or Bordeaux mixture and Paris green (No. 9). applied 

 very soon after the trees have blossomed, and bef<ire the young fruit turns 

 downwards, and wherever there is a probability of the pest appearing, this 

 course should be adopted. In addition to this, infested fruits, which usually 

 ripen prematurely, should be carefully collected and destroyed, as soon as 



